MANUAL OP THE NILAQIKI DISTRICT. 89 



" The first of the systems of dislocation, viz., that to which the CHAP. V. 

 formation of the Eastern Ghats is due, has an east-north-east direction, 

 varying occasionally to north-east, and therefore about coincident Mineralogy. 



with the general strike of the foliation. To this system belong the 



great faults, with a down-throw to south-east which have produced ^^'^^ system. 

 the Eastern Ghats and the south-eastern escarpment of the Neel. Ghftrand 

 gherries, and those with a north-western down-throw, which have other line of 

 given rise to the great Kunda escarpment and that at Neddiwuttum, escarpment, 

 both of which face towards the north-west. To the smaller dislo- 

 cations of this system may be attributed the valley of Pykara at the 

 foot of the Himagala range and the great south-eastern escarpment 

 of the Dodabetta range, both on the plateau of the hills and having 

 a down-throw to the south-east. 



" The second system is nearly at right angles to the preceding, and Second 

 has a west-north-west direction, varying to north-west where it meets system. 

 the former system in the Neelgherries. 



" It comprises the Western Ghats and the smaller Neelgherry Western 

 escarpment of the Kunda range, or that which, facing to the north- G'lats and 

 east, commences at the Pykara River, and passing thence behind escarpment. 

 Avalanche, terminates near the village of Keel Kunda, overlooking 

 the valley of the Bhowani River. These two escarpments, although in 

 precisely the same line, face in different directions, and it is therefore 

 probable that the disturbance which gave rise to the latter was of 

 subsequent date to that which pi^oduced the former, but took place 

 along the old line of dislocation, the upheaval being on the opposite 

 side. Another line of fracture belonging to this system is that which 

 crosses the hills from St. Katharine's Falls to the Elk Fall in the neigh- 

 borhood of Kotergherry, on the north-eastern portion of the hills. Faults near 

 and it is to this that the gorges below these two falls are originally Kdtagiri. 

 due. There does not appear to have been any great amount of 

 disturbance along this line, so far as can be judged from the present 

 aspect of the country, but the evidences are sufficiently clear to warrant 

 the belief that such a fracture exists." 



" The third great system of faults is that to which the northern Third system. 

 boundary of the Neelgherries, the short southern escarpment of the Why regard. 

 Kunda range, the extreme terminal escarpment of the hill-country ^^} ^^ ^ 

 of Palghat, and probably some smaller dislocations in the hilly country gys^t^m! 

 intervening between the Neelgherries and Palghat belong. The 

 first of these might, at first sight, seem to ramify from the line of 

 I disturbance of the Eastern Ghats, which at their junction has very 

 nearly the same direction ; but the existence of parallel lines of faulting 

 elsewhere, all of which are connected with the upheaval of the 

 Neelgherries as a group, and the incompatibility of such a series as 

 synchronous with either of the two systems above enumerated, induce 

 the belief that it belongs to a separate and subsequent system of 

 [dislocations. 



According to the above, the following is the series of successive disturbances 

 i'iisturbances which have mainly given rise to the present physical ^"^^ deduced 

 ■aspect of the country. [,^^^4 



12 



