MANUAL or THE NILAGIRT DISTRICT. 147 



DiosPYROS MELANOXYLON. Eng. Ebony tree. Tarn. Tumballi-maram. CHAP. VII. 

 Flowers used as a perfume ; bark astringent. ^7 



Plants. 

 N.O. APOCYNE^. 



HOLARRHENA ANTiDYSENTEEicA. Buk. Karva-indarjou. Tarn. Kulap- 



palai-virai. 

 Bark formerly exported to Europe as a remedy for dysentery under 

 the name of Conesse-larl- , C'orte de pala, Tellicherry bark. 



N.O. ASCLEPIADE^. 

 Hemidesmus Indicus. Eng. Indian Sarsaparilla. Dak. Nannari. 



Tarn. Nannari. Kan. Sugandha-palada-gida. 

 Used in all Government hospitals as a substitute for sarsaparilla. 

 Tylophora asthmatica. E)i(/. Indian Ipecacuanha. DuJc. Pit-kari. 



Tarn. Nach-churuppan. 

 The powdered leaves used as a substitute for ipecacuan. 

 D^MiA EXTENSA. Duk. Jutup. Tam. Velip-parutti ; Uttamani. Kan. 



Hala-koratige. 

 Leaves emetic and expectorant- 

 HoYA VIRIDIFLORA. Leaves expectorant and emetic. 



N.O. LOGANIACE^. 

 Strychnos nux-vomica. Efiff. Nux-vomica. Dul\ Kuchlah. Tam. 



Ettik-kottai. Kan. Mushti-bija. 

 The seeds are the commercial source of strychnia. 



N.O. GENTIANE.,53. 

 There are several species of Emmim, two of Ophelia and one Gentiana, 

 all of which are more or less bitter and possess the tonic properties of 

 the European gentian. The gentian is a little prostrate plant of great 

 beauty, and very common in dry pasture about Ootacamand. 



N.O. CONVOLVULACE^. 

 Pharbitis nil. Eng. Kaladana. JDiiJc. Kali-zirki-ke-binj. Tmn. 



Kodi-kakkatan-virai ; Jiriki-virai. 

 The seeds are used as a substitute for jalap, and their active princi- 

 ple is a resin, Pharhitisin, discovered by me in 1861. 



Ipom^a turpethum. Eng. Indian Jalap. DuTc. Tikra. Tam. 



Shivadai-ver. 

 The Turhith-root of old writers. Purgative. 



N.O. BORAGINACE^. 



CoRDiA MYXA. Enrj. Sepistan-plum. Did. Bari-gondni. Tam. Periya- 



naruvili. 

 Yields the larger sehestens of older writers. Emollient and demulcent. 



N.O. SCROPHULARIACE^. 

 Herpestis monniera. Tam. Nir-brami. 

 Regarded as diui-etic and laxative. 



