Ix 



APPENDIX TO THE MANUAL 



Opinm whcu 

 sown and 

 reaped. 

 Wild fruits 

 and flowers. 



The opium is usually sown in October and gathered in January. 



In the jungles are found a variety of wild fruits and a profusion 

 of beautiful flowers ; of the former there are wild figs, strawberries, 

 raspberries, red and white ; a fruit resembling the gooseberry both in 

 taste and internal structure, a beriy which the European visitors to the 

 hill have called the barberry and the natives juckul (the root of the 

 bush on which this berry grows yields a most beautiful yellow dye), 

 and many others. Of the latter the white rose, sometimes showing 

 itself 30 or 40 feet high (being a creeper), honey-suckles, marigolds, 

 and a hundred others for which I have no name, adorn the jungles. 



I am sensible the above account is very imperfect, and but little 

 calculated to give a proper desci'iption of the hills or the manners 

 and customs of its inhabitants. My opportunities of acquiring informa- 

 tion have been necessarily confined, and the difiiculty and expense of 

 moving much about where tents, baggage, everything must as yet be 

 carried by men has been no inconsiderable obstacle in the way of my 

 being better acquainted with these subjects. On this account as well 

 as because I am but little in the habit of writing on any subject I 

 must solicit a partial perusal of the foregoing remarks. 



No. 20. — Geogrrq-JurAtl and Statistical Memoir of a Survey of the Ncel- 

 gherry Mountains in the Province of Coimhatore made in 1821 under 

 the Superintendence of Caj)tain B. S. Ward, Beimty Surveyor-General. 



Its situation, 

 nature, and 

 extent. 



Description of the Neelgherry Mountains. 



This mass of mountains, situated between the parallels of ll'^ and 

 12° of North Latitude, and 7i^° and 7T of East Longitude, is bounded 

 on the north by the table-land of Davaroypatam, a narrow tract 

 divided from the table-land of Mysore by the windings of the Moyar 

 river at the bottom of a deep narrow- wooded valley ; to the south 

 and east by the open country of Coimbatore ; to the south-west a 

 branch of the Bhowany, called the Maunar, divides it from the unpopu- 

 lated mountains of Khoondahs dependent on Malabar; on the west 

 by the chain of ghats, defined by the Murkurty peak ; to the north- 

 west by the windings of the Bukkary river, one of the sources of the 

 Moyar from the table-land of Wynaad, its greatest length being from 

 cast to west 36 miles, and a medium breadth of 15 miles, in figure 

 an irregular oblong, and contains on the whole a superficial area of 4G9J 

 square miles, of which only 14 square miles may be said to be under 

 cultivation. The surface is in no part even, being composed of ridges 

 of different elevations, running parallel to each other and forming 

 deep valleys between ; about the centre it is divided by a loftier chain 

 running in a north-east and south-west direction ; from it lesser 

 ridges branch off in all directions ; on this are several conspicuous 

 eminences as Dodabetta Devoybetta, their elevation above the sea 

 being about 8,700 feet on the west of this range, and very elevated 



