IXX APPEXDIX TO TFTE MANUAL 



To enter into a full description of all the paths would perhaps be 

 superfluous, the surface of the hill being traversed by them in every 

 direction. A ftiiv of those measured is, however, here inserted. 



From Mullacottah to Nunjanadd ... 



,, Nunjanadd to Whotakaymund 



„ Nunjanadd to Ootalmund 



„ Nnujanadd to Keeliir 



„ Keeliir to Kaytee 



„ Whotakaymund to Baricooly.., 



,, Baricooly to Keeliir 



„ Nnnjanaad to Baricooly 



(Signed) B. S. WARD, Lieutenant, 



Assistant, Surveyor-GeiieraV s Dept. 



MiSCELLAXEOUS. 



It may be necessary in this place to give some account of the differ- 

 ent castes of people inhabiting this vast mountain ; these principally 

 consist of four castes— Budagers, Todawers, Cotters, and Mullucurum- 

 bers ; the latter are the officiating priests to the former, who are the 

 principal cultivators, occupying villages and lands in all the three naads 

 or divisions with the exception of the western portion or Mullanaad, 

 dependent on the Todawanaad, a tract of low green hills in ridges 

 affording pasture to large herds of buffaloes ; about it are interspersed 

 the kralls or munds of the Todawars in remote places to the west, 

 forming their summer, those again to the east, almost on the skirts of 

 the Budao-er villages, their winter habitations. Each division has its 

 Cotter village, distinct from the Budagers; they are in general 

 extensive, having from forty to fifty houses arranged in lines. They 

 are the artizans, and also cultivate large tracts of land around their 

 habitations. The women of both these classes perform the principal 

 labors of the field in common with the men, who, however, leave the 

 more arduous service of watcliing, weeding, and cleaning them to the 

 women after the plough has done its duty. In their physiognomy, 

 habits, and language they materially differ from one another. The 

 prevailing language among all is the Canarese, much corrupted with 

 peculiar phrases and idioms of their own invention. They are perfectly 

 illiterate. An attempt to establish a school among them at Daynaad 

 not long ago has failed ; on what account is not known. 



Agriculture in primitive times was carried on on a very limited 

 scale by the Mullucurumbers only in exterior valleys and slopes ; to 

 the Budagers must be attributed the merit of diffusing husbandry all 

 over the face of the mountains ; to these aerial regions they are said to 

 have emigrated about four centuries ago from Woomatur and other 

 places in the south of Mysore, and consequently have derived the 

 appellation of Vada or Budagers, having come from the north, the 

 compound word Buda-ger signifying literally people of the north. 

 It appears they were originally invited by a chieftain or rajah of 



