OCTOBER. 535 



but if he finds himself on a farm where it has been 

 neglected, and that the advantageous circumstances 

 of B new one more than balance the ex pence of 

 alterations, let him determine to remedy the evil 

 himself, which may generally be done at no great 

 expence. Let him run a high, warm fence, about 

 a piece of ground large enough for all his cattle, 

 contiguous to the barns and other buildings. It will 

 pay the expence of good pales very well ; but a 

 much cheaper fence is, to build a stack of stubble, 

 fern, ling, or straw, about eight or nine feet high, 

 and five or six wide, and to thatch it for preserva- 

 tion : no fence is so warm for cattle. This enclo- 

 sure he must gravel or chalk at bottom, to keep it 

 always firm, and hard enough to shovel up earth or 

 dung. Throughout the leisure times of the sum- 

 mer or autumn, a layer, one to two feet deep, of 

 marl or chalk, turf, ditch-earth, peat, &c. should 

 be spread in it ; and upon that layer the cattle may 

 IK: foddered with straw, hay, &c. all winter. Plenty 

 of stubble, fern, or straw, constantly spreading as 

 .last as they tread it into dung, or lie wet or damp : 

 the stables, cow-houses, hog-sties, fatting-stalls, if 

 -any, should be cleaned on to it ; and if the farmer 

 fats any beasts on turnips, he may give them in 

 Linns in such a yard ; by which means the quantity 

 *>f dung he will raise will turn out immense, pro- 

 \idcd he has plenty of litter. 



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