OCTOBER. 545 



built upon it. This I have found frost-tight. The 

 beans keep out the weather, and yet admit any 

 steam which rises from the roots, which, if it did 

 not escape, would rot them. 



LAY UP THE FALLOWS. 

 This month must conclude the autumnal tillage 

 yon stiff or moist lands ; for in the following, they 

 may probably be too wet: but on very light sandy 

 soils, ploughing goes on all winter. Lay it down 

 as an invariable rule, never to have a piece of stub- 

 ble unploughed at the end of November. It is of 

 importance, to leave the land for winter in such a 

 manner that the frosts may get into it. 



But here our young farmer's attention must be 

 particularly turned to the greatest of all modern im- 

 provements on strong land ; that of discarding as 

 much as possible all spring tillage: the summer 

 fallows intended for barley and oats; the bean, pea, 

 and tare stubbles designed for the same crops ; 

 and the white corn stubbles intended for any spring 

 crop, must now be ploughed very carefully, being 

 the future seed-earth ; no more ploughings being 

 allowable on any account whatever. In the Calen- 

 dars for February and March I have entered into 

 some explanations of this system, which is of such 

 importance, that too firm a resolution cannot be 

 taken to carry it into execution. By means of it 

 the crops are much greater, and the expences con- 

 siderably reduced. The leading principle is this : 

 * N n if 



