14 



I>KrAKTMENT OF AORHTLTl KK. 



COW-TESTING. 



Testing milk for per cent, of butter-fat need not be dene more than once or twice 

 a mouth. Samples should be taken of both morning and evening milk. Testing is 

 most easily and cheaply carried on where a cow-testing association is in operation 

 with Government assistance. The following figures were obtained by the Dairy 

 Division of the Live Stock Branch. Department of Agriculture, in carrying on cow- 

 testing work in the Lower Fraser Valley : 



ni T<n IScst and Ten Poorest Coif*-. 



NOTE. Cost of production figures would be higher in the Interior. 

 Tin- following scale of charges was adopted: 



Ranch-grown produce at actual cost of production. 

 Bought produce at car-load prices. 

 Grain bought at car-load prices. 



Grain home-grown at car-load prices, less 40 per cent. 

 Pasture at $1 to $2 per acre. 

 Hay at $10 to $12 per ton. 

 Mangels at -S4 per ton. 

 ('urn ensilage at $3 per ton. 

 Given feed at S2 per month. 



Fixed charges i in addition to cost of feed) for labour, interest, and depreciation 

 mi barn and cow, taxes, insurance, veterinary, etc., are assessed at $40 per cow 

 per year. 



In the above table butter-fat was reckoned at an average price of 35 cents per 

 pound; skiui-uiilk at 2.~> cents per 100 Ib. ; calf at birth, $5; and manure was cal- 

 culated as worth $25 per cow for " highest 10," $20 for average cow, and for the 

 " lowest 10" it is sir*. 



The Dairy Division of the Live Stock Branch. Department of Agriculture, will 

 be glad to help in the organization of cow-testing associations where not already 

 formed. They will also send, free, upon request, special sheets for recording daily 

 milk yields. 



Where necessary, the testing may be done at home. A small Balcock tester, 

 acid, pipette, and graduated bottles will, cost about $12, The method used is quite 

 simple and easy to follow. The yield of butter is about one-sixth more than the 

 quantity of butter-fat from which it is made. This is called the " overrun." It 

 consists mainly of the water and salt incorporated in the butter. 



SELECTING COWS. 



GUARDING AGAINST DISEASE. 



Tuberculosis and contagious abortion are the two most serious contagious 

 diseases that may be introduced into a herd by means of purchased animals. 

 They are Loth germ diseases. One tubercular cow may soon infect most of the 

 herd, and that means heavy financial loss and the risk of tubercular milk danger- 

 ous to human beings. The tuberculin test is the only reliable means of detecting 

 affected animals. All animals should be bought subject to passing this test, which 



