OF A<;i;lTLT[-RE. 



DISEASES OF CALVES. 

 COMMON SCOURS. 



The first sign of this trouble will be foul-smelling dung. Mix up \' oz. of 

 formalin in 15% oz. of water, and add 1 teaspoonful of ftiis mixture to each pint of 

 milk fed. The feed should be reduced about a half. In severe cases 3 oz. of castor- 

 oil should be given in a pint of milk. After this for two or three days give a tea- 

 spoonful of a mixture of 1 part salol and 2 parts subnitrate of bismuth three times 

 daily. The formalin mixture should also be continued. Formalin should be kept 

 in an amber-coloured bottle to prevent chemical change. 



Another good mixture for scours, to be used after the castor-oil, is as follows : 

 Compound tincture of morphia and chloroform. 4 drams ; liquid bismuth, 4 drams : 

 oil of cloves. 1 dram ; cooled linseed tea, 7 oz. One tablespoonful of this mixture is 

 given every eight hours until better. This mixture can be kept in stock ready for 

 use. Lime-water. 1 oz. to a quart of milk, is also a good remedy. 



Scours is a sign of indigestion, and is often caused by improper feeding cold 

 or sour milk, dirty pails, etc. For sickly calves, from 1 to 4 teaspoonfuls of specially 

 prepared blood-meal, well mixed with the milk, will often be found beneficial. 



INFECTIOUS OB WHITE SCOURS. 



This fatal disease is caused by a germ which enters the calf's body through the 

 broken navel-cord soon after lirth. The calf becomes sick a day or two after birth. 

 A common but not an invariable symptom is the passage of white, foul-smelling dung. 

 Very few calves recover from this disease. A cow should not be allowed to calve in 

 a place where a case of white scours has been, as the disease is very infectious. 

 The calf should be born in a clean stall, disinfected if necessary. If born in the 

 pasture the calf is fairly safe, but if in the barn the navel-cord should be tied up 

 at birth and disinfected with a 3-per-cent. carbolic solution. This will prevent the 

 germs entering the body. The medicinal treatment is the same as for ordinary 

 scours. . 



LICE. 



Young cattle are especially liable to be affected with lice during the winter. 

 When cattle rub themselves much they should be examined for lice. When badly 

 affected the hair comes out in patches. One species sucks the blood and is very 

 injurious. The eggs or nits are attached to the hair. As a remedy two applications 

 of any of the coal-tar dips ten days apart will be effective. Kerosene emulsion is a 

 sure remedy. To make this, dissolve % Ib. of hard soap in 1 gallon of boiling soft 

 water. When dissolved, add 2 gallons of kerosene and mix by pumping with a spray- 

 pump until emulsified. Add to 19 gallons of water. Wet the animal thoroughly. 



HUSK OR VERMINOUS BRONCHITIS. 



Calves and pigs sometimes have a cough caused by worms in the air-passages. 

 An old-fashioned but effective remedy is to shut both calves and attendant in a tight 

 shed in which sulphur is burned. When the fumes become so strong that the 

 attendant cannot stand them any longer without suffocating, he removes the pot of 

 sulphur, but leaves the calves in the fumes for fifteen minutes longer. Half-ounce 

 doses of spirits of turpentine can also be given with benefit. 



GOITRE SWOLLEN XF.CK. 



This malady is quite common in some districts in this Province, both in cattle 

 and human beings, but the cause has so far never been ascertained. The two thyroid 

 glands are enlarged so that a swelling appears in front of the windpipe below the 

 angle of the jaw. Calves are often born thus affected. Sometimes they are too weak 

 t" rally, and sometimes the swelling subsides and they recover. Older animals may 



