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remedy for the oyster shell hark louse is simple, cheap and very effective, 

 and should prove a popular one. There is, in fact, no known remedy so good, 

 economical and unfailing as this for the oyster shell hark louse. 



" Kerosine emulsion has been usually used for this purpose, and with 

 good success when the insects are running, but as they only run four or five 

 days in the first week in June it is difficult to kill them all off in this way. 

 By covering the trees w r ith lime you are able to get at tlie scale, and the lime 

 makes the trees white, so that you can see whether all the scales have been 

 covered or not." 



RENOVATING OLD ORCHARDS. 



As a rule, if an orchard has been neglected for a number of years, the 

 trees are so infected with insect pests and diseases and are so unhealthy 

 that I would advise in most cases that they be rooted out and burned and 

 replaced with young, vigorous stock. There are many such instances of 

 neglect in the older portions of this Province, where I do not hesitate to give 

 the advice. If, however, it is considered best to attempt the renovation of 

 an orchard of this description, I commend the following recommendations 

 by Mr. W. T. Macoun, who, in speaking of old neglected orchards, says : 



" On the other hand, there are many orchards where the trees, if cared 

 for, would be in the prime of life, and neglect is the only cause which 

 prevents profitable crops from being grown. It is of orchards such as these 

 that a few suggestions are here offered as to how to bring them back into 

 good condition ; but the results desired cannot be got in one year. 



" The trees, to begin with, should be pruned, not too heavily at first, 

 but enough limbs should be taken out to open up the top and permit a free 

 circulation of air and the admission of sunlight to it. The trees will 

 probably be much moss grown, and both they and the fruit may be affected 

 with various diseases. Injurious insects, too, are almost certain to abound. 



" Spraying should be begun early in the season, and the trees should be 

 kept covered from top to bottom with Bordeaux mixture and Paris green, 

 until the fruit is almost fully grown. Scraping the trunks and large 

 branches of the trees may be done if there is much moss, but as soon as the 

 tree becomes more vigorous and air and sunshine are admitted, much of the 

 moss will disappear. If the oyster shell bark louse or other scale insects 

 infest the trees, they should be sprayed with the lime mixture, or other 

 material already mentioned. 



" As the orchard, if neglected, is almost certain to be in sod, the soil 

 should be ploughed shallow in the spring, turning under a good dressing of 

 manure if it can be procured. If the sod is not too thick, it might be worked 

 up with the disc or spade harrow. The ground should then be kept 

 thoroughly harrowed until July, working in other fertilisers if the land be 

 poor and manure is not to be had; and then red clover seed sown at the 

 rate of twelve pounds per acre, and the ground rolled. A good clover crop 

 should then be formed by autumn. This would conclude the first season's 

 work. The result would, probably, be a greatly increased vigour in the 

 trees, and the fruit, though perhaps not plentiful, would be cleaner. 



" The second season, additional but less pruning should be done, the 

 trees kept thoroughly sprayed as before, the clover ploughed under in the 



