1849.] 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT'S JOURNAL. 



281 



The third improvement is in the construction of cores, which he 

 forms of a hollow fluted cylinder, instead of wrapping wisps of 

 straw round a rod, as usual. Round this cylinder he applies peat 

 or vegetable substance, sufficient to cover the flutes; this having 

 been dried, is drawn through a tube lined with sand, suitable for 

 the core; this adheres, and forms a thin coating on the peat, which 

 is then dried in the stove, when it will be fit for use, as an ordinary 

 core. 



The improvement in moving cores out of castings consists in 

 eff'ecting that object by the aid of hydraulic pressure. A press for 

 this purpose differs only from the ordinary hydraulic press in hav- 

 ing double sets of rods or pillars on each side of the i-am, and 

 having a portion of the centre of the head-piece removed,.to allow 

 the passage upwards of the core, when the ram is brought to bear 

 on the lower end. 



The patentee does not confine himself to the precise details, so 

 long as the peculiar character of his invention be retained, and 

 claims : First — The making sevenil moulds at a time, or a single 

 mould, by using patterns capable of being moved progressively 

 into the mould-box. 



Secondly — The mode of manufacturing and drying moulds, 

 whereby they are mo^ed on trucks into the stoves. 



Thirdly — Tlie mode of constructing cores; and also the modes 

 of moving large core-bars out of castings. 



AVINDOW BACK ENCLOSURES. 



John Tutton, of 20, South Audley-street, mechanist, for " cer- 

 tain improvements in the construction and arrangement of certain parts 

 of buildings." — Granted December 9, 1848; Enrolled June 9, 1849. 



The improvements relate to constructing projecting windows of 

 buildings, that safety and other closets may be more conveniently 

 made under such windows ; and it consists of using slate and cast- 

 iron, as hereafter explained, when constructing such descriptions 

 of windows. 



Fig. I. 



Fig. 2. 



Fig. 1 shows an interior view of a projecting window, having 

 under it a closet which, if of iron, may be fire-proof. The arr.nnge- 

 ment of the interior may be varied in respect to shelves and 

 drawers, and such parts form no part of the invention. 



Fig. 2 shows an external view of the projecting window shown 

 at fig. 1. The architectural character given to the exterior may 

 be varied to suit the character of the building, or the taste of the 

 parties for whom the work is to be done. 



In constructing the projecting windows, in order that there 

 should be as little projection as possible, for obtaining a given size 

 or depth of closet the whole of the projecting parts are of slate, or 

 in place of using slate, cast-iron may be used, which will give great 

 strength, when comparatively thin material is employed ; in either 

 case the recess formed within by the projection may be fitted up as 

 a safety or other closet by using fire-proof materials, such as slate 

 or iron. In all cases the glazed sash-frame alone should be of 

 wood or of metal, all the boxings or frames to receive the sashes 

 being of cast-iron ; or they may be of slate when metal sashes are 

 used, and in place of using all slate or all iron, the use of these two 

 materials may be combined in making a projecting window and a 

 closet therein. In the drawings comparatively small projections 

 beyond the exterior of the building are shown, and yet a closet of 

 considerable dimensions may be obtained. The extent of projec- 

 tion of a window may however be varied to suit the circumstances 

 of each particular case. 



PUMPING ENGINES. 



Edward Newton, of Chancery-lane, city of London, civil en- 

 gineer, for '■'■improvements in engines and apparatus principally de- 

 signed for pumping water." — Granted February 12; Enrolled 

 August 11, 1849. [Reported in the Patent Journal.'] 



Tlie improvements relate to the formation of the valves of 

 pumping engines and pumps, whereby a more certain means may 

 be obtained for working the valves of the engine; and also to im- 

 provements in the valves of pumps; the whole of which improve- 

 ments are principally applicable to pumping water from mines, and 

 other such situations where the speed of the engine is varied ac- 

 cording to the quantity of water to be lifted. In pumping engines, 

 the patentee observes, it is well understood that the movement of 

 the slide-valve of the engine is dependent on the momentum of 

 the moving parts, and in some cases the force of a spring is 

 resorted to, in order to complete the movement valve, for the pur- 

 pose of admitting the steam on the opposite side of the piston, 

 both of which modes have hitherto been defective; in one case, 

 from the fact that when the speed of the engine is slow, the mo- 

 mentum of the moving part is sometimes insufficient to complete 

 the stroke of the valve, and allowing it to remain, so as to cover both 

 ports, when, of a consequence, the engine stops, — and in case of 

 the spring being used as an auxiliary, the force at one point vary- 

 ing so much from other points of its tension. Now, according to 

 this invention, the patentee proposes to relieve the pump piston 

 from the pressure of the water at that part of the stroke where 

 the movement of the valve takes place, thereby allowing the engine 

 piston to complete the stroke, and also the stroke of the valve, 

 from the expansion of the steam already in the cylinder, or that 

 steam which has produced the previous pai-t of the stroke. 



The first improvement in the pumps consists of a peculiar for- 

 mation of the water passage of the pump, whereby the pressure of 

 the water is in equilibrium on both sides of the pump piston, at 

 the end of each stroke. 



The wood engraving represents a vertical section of a horizontal 

 pumping engine, arid double-acting pump, constructed according 

 to this invention, in which the steam-cylinder piston and the pum]) 

 piston are attached to the same piston-rod; A, being the pump- 

 barrel, and B, the steam-cylinder. C, C, are the water passages to 

 the pump, which (it will be observed) are divided into two 

 branches, opening into the pump-barrel, at a distance from each 

 other rather greater than the thickness of the pump-bucket or 



37 



