.334 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT'S JOURNAL. 



[November, 



REGISTER OF NCW PATENTS. 



RAILWAY WHEELS. 



Charles Gbken, of Birmiiifrliani, brass tulie inatmfactnrer, and 

 J \MKs Newman, of the same place, mamiacturer, for '■^imjiriiremnits 

 ill the mniiuf'acture of railway-wheels." — Granted March 28; En- 

 rolled September 28, istQ. 



The improvements relate to the construction of wroii<fht or mal- 

 leable iron wheels for railway-carriages The wheel is to be made 

 of two pieces of metal only, the boss or nave, and the rim and body 

 of it; and the two to be welded together. The iron is rolled into 

 bars first, as shown at A, in the section fig. 1, and then bent into 

 the form of a hoop, and the ends welded together; the hoop is 

 then placed in the block B, and there subjeeted to re)ieated blows 

 from a succession of upper dies or blocks C, the form of which 

 gradually approaches the form of one side of the wheel, until ulti- 

 mately the metal takes the form shown by the dotted lines. It is 



Fig. 1. 



"i^^m^^Mx- 



Fig. 2. 



then in a state to have the hole made in the centre for the recep- 

 tion of the boss or nave, and for this purpose is placed in another 

 die or block, only differing from the one described in having a hole 

 in the centre, coinciding with the hole to be made. A descending 

 die or cutter then forms the hole of the shape and size required; 

 tliis hole is not formed even and cylindrical, but is made serrated 

 or jagged, for enabling the boss to take a better hold when manu- 

 factured. The hole is now fit for the reception of the boss, which 

 is inserted in tlie shape of a hollow cylinder of one or two pieces 

 of metal, and a mandril driven in expands the cylinder, and com- 

 pels the metal forming it to enter the serrations of the hole in tlie 

 wheel; it is now again subjected to the action of a series of dies 

 or blocks as before described, the mandril still remaining in the 

 hole until the wheel ultimately takes the form shown in fig. 2. In 

 placing and forming the boss in the wheel, it is necessary it should 

 be at a welding heat. 



METAL CASTINGS. 



^ Andrew Shanks, of Robert-street, Adelphi, engineer, for an 

 '"■improved mode of yivirig form to ccrfiiin iiwtah when in a fluid or 

 molten state."— Granted March 11; Enrolled September H, 1819. 



This invention relates to the employment of centrifugal force 

 for forming metal castings of tubes and cylinders, and other 

 circular-shaped hollow vessels, without the use of cores. The 

 casting is eftected by pouring the liquid metal into hollow cylindri- 

 cal moulds (the internal diameter of which corresponds with the 

 external diameter of the tube or cylinder to be cast), jilaced in a 

 horizontal position, and caused to rotate rapidly; when the centri- 

 fugal force produced will cause the molten metal to spread itself 



in a uniform manner over the internal surface of the mould, the 

 thickness of the tube or cylinder depending upon the quantity of 

 metal poured into the mould. 



Fig. 2. 



Fig. 1. 



The machinery employed in casting tubes and cylinders is re- 

 presented at figs. 1, and 2. Fig. 1, is a side elevation of the 

 machine; fig. 2, is a plan view thereof; and fig. 3, is a longitudinal 

 section of the mould, showing the pipe ^, cast within it. a, is the 

 metal mould, formed with two collars a', a'-, which rest upon the 

 wheels b, c,d,e; and the collar «-, has a rib or bead upon it, that 

 enters into a corresponding groove in the wheels c, e, in order to 

 prevent any movement of the mould in the direction of its length. 

 On the shaft /, of the wheels J, c, is a rigger or pulley g, around 

 which pasi;es an endless band from a steam-engine or other first 

 mover, and causes the shaft/, to revolve; and this motion is com- 

 municated to the mould by the wheels b, c. The bearings A, A, of 

 the shafts/", i, can be caused to approach to or recede from each 



Fig. 4. 



Other by turning the screws /,/, for the purpose of adjusting the 

 level of the mould, and for regulating the distance between the 

 wheels b, c, and rf, e, to suit moulds of different diameters. One 

 end of the mould is formed with an internal flange A-, to retain the 

 .fluid metal within it during its rotation; and, to the other end, an 

 annular plate or ring /, is bolted, for a like purpose. The fluid 

 metal is introduced into the mould, while the latter is rotating, by 

 means of the spout m; and, when the metal has become sufliciently 

 set, the rotation of the mould is stopped; it is lifted off the wheels 



