1819.] 



THE CIVIL EXGINEER AXD ARCHITECT'S JOURNAL. 



ra 



ing from any prime mover, and communicate their motion to the 

 wheel. The felloe is formed with a dovetail, and the edg;e of the 

 tyre bent over it by the action of the rollers. An adjustable 

 scraper is made to act against the tyre, for the purpose of cleans- 

 ing it. 



3. For the purpose of turning the tyres, the patentee employs 

 revolving circular cutters keyed on a shaft, resting on moveable 

 bearings, which can be made to slide up and down simultaneously 

 by means of a hand screw. 



4. The axles are constructed of two tubes, placed one within 

 the other, or of a tube filled with bar-iron, and « elded at the ends 

 only, or of a number of bars of iron, curved and overlapping one 

 another, to give a S])iral direction to the fibre. 



Claims. — 1. The use of the hollow fire or closed hearth for heat- 

 ing tyres to the welding point. — 2. The projecting hearth. — .3. 

 Heating the inside surface of the tyre, by causing the flame and 

 products of combustion to impinge against it, instead of by radia- 

 tion. — 4. Heating the spokes and tyre together, in order that they 

 may be welded at the same heat; and arranging the spokes which 

 have holes punched in them, at a distance from each other, be- 

 tween two half- naves, to allow of the surfaces of the latter being 

 welded together at these points, as well as over tlie ends of the 

 spokes. — 5. The employment of two or more rollers acting uni- 

 formly and capable of being caused to ajiproach or recede from the 

 tyre, in conjunction with the scraper, for the purpose of rolling 

 and cleansing it. — 6. Boring and turning the inside and outside 

 surfaces of railway wheels by revolving circular cutters. — 7. The 

 compound hollow axle. — 8. The railway axle, composed of a tube 

 filled with bar-iron welded only at the ends. — 9. The railway axle, 

 with the bars of iron laid so as to give a spiral direction to the 

 fibre. 



LUBRICATING COMPOSITION. 



Alexander Munkittrich, of JIanchester, merchant, for "«» 

 im]iruved ctmiponition of matters, loliich is apjilicuhle as a substitute for 

 oil to the lubrication of machinery, and for other purposes." — Granted 

 May \; Enrolled November 1, 1849. 



This invention consists in forming a compound which is to be 

 used as a substitute for oil, grease, and other matters, for lubri- 

 cating machinery. The compound is formed in the following man- 

 ner : 4 lb. of caoutchouc dissolved in spirits of turpentine, or any 

 ether suitable solvent; 10 lb. of carbonate of soda; 1 lb. of glue; 

 10 gallons of animal or vegetable oil; and 10 gallons of water; 

 and the mode of incorporating these ingredients is as follows : the 

 water is to be heated in a suitable vessel, in which the carbonate of 

 soda and the glue are to be then dissolved; the oil is then to be 

 added, well stirring and agitating the mixture, to incorporate the 

 ingredients; the caoutchouc, previously dissolved, is to be added 

 last, and the whole well stirred together until it becomes homo- 

 geneous and as fluent as oil. It is then ready for use, and may be 

 stored in casks or bottles until wanted. Any substances possessing 

 the same properties as the above-mentioned, may be substituted 

 for them, and that when the caoutchouc and oil are previously 

 purified, the carbonate may be dispensed with ; the proportions, 

 also, may be varied according to the consistency required. 



WATERPROOF PAPER. 



William Brindley, of Twickenham, papier-mache manufac- 

 turer, for ''''improrenwuts in the manufacture of ivaterproof paper." — 

 Granted February 28; Enrolled August 28, 1849. 



The improvement consists in causing the long webs of machine- 

 made paper, and sheets of paper, to be rendered waterproof by 

 saturating them, when dry, with linseed oil at high degrees of 

 heat. The machine-made paper is caused to pass into a trough 

 containing oil by means of a roller, and by a pair of pressing roll- 

 ers any excess of oil which may be on the paper is pressed out ag 

 it rises out of the trough, in like manner to what is now practised 

 in sizing machine-made paper; or the oil may be applied in any 

 other convenient manner to the webs of paper. The paper is then 

 placed in a suitable stove heated to 200° to 300°, the paper being 

 kept opened out so that both surfaces may be acted on by the heat, 

 and in about three hours the desired efl'ect will be obtained; a 

 somewhat less temperature and longer time will produce a like 

 result, but the temperature above-mentioned is preferred. 

 f ' If sheets of paper are to be treated according to the invention, 

 the patentee prefers to apply the oil by using boards such as when 



making panel-boards, saturated with oil, and then place several 

 sheets of paper between each two boards, and subject a large num- 

 ber thus surrounded to a press, or the sheets may have the oil 

 applied in any other convenient manner. The separated sheets arc 

 then to be bung separate in a suitable stove heated to the extent 

 before mentioned and dried. 



The paper thus prepared will be found applicable to many 

 purposes where waterproof paper is desired, and where any oily 

 character remaining would be objectionable : it may be written or 

 printed on, and paper-hangings thus made will be found of great 

 importance when the walls are damp; and paper-hangings may be 

 either printed before or after rendering the same waterproof, ex- 

 cepting where the high temperature will interfere with the colours 

 thereon. 



STEAM HOISTING MACHINES. 



Improved Portable Steam Hoisting Macliiucs for Loading and 

 Discharging Cargoes. By A. L. Abciiamb.ai lt, Philadelphia, U.S. 

 [From the Journal of the Franklin Institute.'] 



This useful invention, of which the annexed cut is a representa- 

 tion, was built for Charles Bentric, a stevedore of Philadelphia, 

 who has successfully tested it in discharging the cargoes of the 

 ships Austria, Monongahelu, and Hercules. 



The operation of the machine is briefly as follows:— The motion 

 of the engine is communicated to the fly-wheel shaft S, which 

 carries a small pinion gearing into the large wheel/; the winding 

 barrel c, to which the hoisting rope is attached, is locked to the 

 shaft of the wheel/ by means of the driving friction coupling «, 

 the latter being thrown into or out of action by the lever d; and 

 the motion of the drum c, when free from the shaft of the wheel./, 

 is controlled by the friction-band 4, which is tightened or slackened 

 by the break e. 



The machine requires but a single person to keep up steam and 

 attend to the breaks, and is capable of hoisting twelve hogsheads 

 of tobacco from the hold of a ressel and turn them out on the 

 wharf in ten minutes, or can discharge cotton at the rate of 300 

 bales per hour. In case the hogshead or other article being raised 

 should strike on the combings of the hatchway, the engineer has 

 only to slacken tlie break, and it is lowered, without stopping the 

 motion of the engine, so as to clear the obstruction; and then, by 

 drawing the lever of the break tight again, the ascending motion 

 is restored. The lowering break is so arranged that a hogshead of 

 tobacco can be suspended at any point required with the greatest 

 ease. The machine being on wheels, is portable in its character, 

 and can be moved about with a single horse. 



