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THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND AllCHITECrS JOURNAL. 



[Feb. 10, 



Fig, 1.— Patent Boring'Machine>Bd Augurs. 



WATSON'S PATENT IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAINING. 



In ouv last Kumbcr, in descriliing the Patent Drain Pipe, we alluded to tlii- Boring Machine, which is the most important part of the Pdlent, 

 as it enables the drain pipes to be inserted wilh facility, which, without it, would be a very troublesome affair. 



The Patent Bering M^ichine, 

 shown in the annexed engrav- 

 ing, tig. li is worked by two men 

 turning the handle wJiich gives 

 the rotarv motion ; the advanc- 

 ing motion is given by another 

 man, who leans on a lever, which 

 is represented in a perpendicu- 

 hir position; this when pressed 

 downwards propels a pinion 

 wheel, which advancing up the 

 rack, impels a collar, and, by 

 means of a thumb-screw, clips 

 the boring rod passing through 

 it. Double racks are used for 

 the sake of obtaining a steady 

 motion. 



The action of the auger may 

 be very advantageously used for 

 brick work ; it cnts out a com- 

 plete cylinder of brick, and thus 

 brings out a solid core. No 

 other tool has been found to 

 produce such a result. Augers 

 and drills of every shape had 

 been tried by the patentee be- 

 fore he hit upon this. 



Fig. 2 is a front elevation and 

 section of the retaining wall in 

 the cutting of the London and 

 Birmingham Railway between 

 Euston Square and Camden 

 Town ; at the back of the wall 

 is that dilEcult soil, the London 



clav, which has given so much trouble in consequence of being occasionally saturated with water ; the clay has now yielded to the influence <if 

 the" ventilation, by the introduction of the drain pipes, inserted at the back of the wall, as shown in engraving; they are inserted to the distance 

 of IGft. from the face of the brickwork. When the pipes were introduced, it was found th^it there were very few spring:* in it, but a 

 considerable accnmuhition of rain water, and which now runs freely out after a heavy shower of rain from every pipe. 



In a cjay soil like the above, the borings must be made mncli closer than in a gravelly soil, or even a sandy one. An inspection of brickwork 

 that has been thus placed for a few years, shows clearly that neither bricks nor mortar will endure long under such circumstances ; and also it 

 is proved that ventilation will harden softened bricks, though it cannot of course restore the washed out mort.ir. 



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I Fig. 2. — Front Elevation and Section of the Retaining "W'all^ i.o.idoii auU Uirmiiigham Ilnil'.vt»y. 



