180 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT'S JOURNAL. 



[April, 



MESSRS. BOULTON & WATT ON THE STEAM ENGINE. 



WATT S SINGLE ACTING ENGINE FOR PUMPING. 



A, Cyliniler. b, Nozzles niid passages, c, The cross or stenm pipe from 

 liilcr. d. Perpendicular steam pipe, c. Eduction pipe. F, Condenser. 

 G, Condenser or air pump. H, Condensing cistern, i, Injection valve. 

 j. Hot water cistern. K, Hot water or feed pump. L, Cold water pump for 

 supplying condenser cistern, m, The plug tree and working gi'ar. N, The 

 great lever or beam. 0. Spring beams, p. The great chains and arch head. 

 I), Pump rod or spear. R. Main lever wall. S, Masonry or stone platform. 

 T, Wooden platform and bearers to carry masonry. 



We now resume this important subject :— 



Directions for Putting the Enginf' together. 



Sect. 21. Put the working beam together, and having fastened the gudgeon 

 to it, rest it on the plummer blocks; but do not fasten these to, until the 

 cylinder be fi.\ed. 



22. Level the top of the stone platform, and put the outer bottom of the 

 cylinder down in its place ; level it truly ; and let it correspond with the 

 holding down screw boxes. 



2.3. Apply the inner bottom upon the outer one; and set its upper joint 

 level, by wedging between it and the outer bottom, if required. Then cut out 

 s gments of pasteboard, such as is used for boards of books, and not such as 

 ii composed of paper pasted together. Let these segments be of such thick- 

 nesses as the dillerent parts of the joints may require, accordingly as they be 

 more or less open in diHerent places. Soak the pasteboard segments in warm 

 water, until they become quite soft ; then lay them upon boards to dry, and, 

 wlien quite dry, put them into a flat pan, with a quantity of drying linseed 

 oil. Warm the oil, until the pasteboard ceases to emit bubbles of air ; but 

 take care not to heat the oil much hotter than boiling water, otherwise it will 

 harden, or burn, the pasteboard. Anoint the segments on both sides with 

 tliin putty, made willi fine whiting and some of the linseed oil. Let tlie whit- 

 ing be very dry, otherwise it will be very difficult to mix with the oil. N.K. 

 White lead will not answer in place of it. Avoid, as much as you can, using 

 more than one thickness of pasteboard. The segments should ije a little 

 broader tlian tlie llanth. All the holes should be cut out by a chi.sel ; Ijul 



not quite so large as the holes in the iron. The segments should also be 

 thinned at the ends, where they overlap each other, that they may form a 

 circle of pasteboard of uniform thickness. 



24. Lift up the inner bottom, and lay your segments regularly round vipon 

 the flanch of the outer bottom ; then jilace the inner bottom upon them> 

 taking care, at the same time, to put a proper thickness of pasteboard in the 

 joint under the pipe, which proceeds from that inner bottom. In like manner 

 prepare pasteboard for the joints between the inner bottom and the cylinder ; 

 and proceed, as has been directed, for the other joints. 



25. Having the cylinder ready suspended, lower it down in its place ; and 

 in such manner that the square pipe, at its upper end, may be exactly over 

 the pipe of the inner bottom. Thrust a square taper piece of iron, of proper 

 size, into each hole, to enlarge the holes in the pasteboard, and admit the 

 screws. Put in the screws, and screw up the joint, gradually, all round ; and 

 do not screw up one side faster than another, or you will be apt to crack the 

 flanch of the cylinder, or bottom, or make a bad joint. No screws must be 

 put through the cylinder flanch over the pipe ; therefore that part of the 

 joint must be made with the utmost care, and the pasteboard must be a trifle 

 thicker there. The general thickness of the pasteboard for these joints should 

 be three-sixteenths of an inch. 



26. Put in the holding down screws, which should have screws and nuts at 

 both ends ; then set the cylinder truly upright, which is done by putting one 

 piece of wood across the bottom, and another across the top, and marking 

 upon both of them the centre of the cylinder at their respective places. Then 

 hang a plummet from the upper centre, and examine if the line be in the 

 centre below ; if it be not, you must wedge under the outer bottom, until you 

 bring the line to hang truly in the axis nf the cylinder. The holding down 

 screws should be screwed tight, so as to keep the cylinderin its true position 

 after which the screws of the joint must be again screwed up, then taken out 

 one by one and lapped round with a rope yarn and some putty, both under the 

 head of the screw and under the nut, so that each screw may be air tight of 

 itself. 



27. Carefully scrape, or rather scour, the rust from the sides and bottom of 

 the cylinder; clean it well out, and grease the sides with tallow. Hang the 

 chains, and put the piston rod cap in their jilaces. Put the piston rod into 

 the cylinder ; suspend the piston by two half links, fastened to one of the 

 crosses, and lower it down upon the piston rod. But previous to this, the 

 rod should be tried into the piston ; and if the hollow and convex cones do 

 not fit one another, they must be made to do so by chiseling and filing the 

 cone of the rod. A lead ring, an inch square, exactly fitting the inside cir- 

 cumference of the cylinder, must be laid upon the small rim of the inner 

 bottom, to save it in case of drop)iing the piston ; and an iron gland, an inch 

 thick, must be screwed across the base of the cone of the piston rod, by means 

 of two screws passing through the bottom of the piston, and screwed into the 

 gland. The joints of these screws should be cut o(f, that they may not strike 

 the bottom, when the piston strikes the ring. 



28. The piston being lowered down upon the rod, the lid of the cylinder 

 should be laid on without the stuffing box. The end of the working beam 

 must then be lowered down, and the piston rod cap put on the rod, and fore- 

 locked fast. The be.nm must then be raised, ami the lid also, and an exami- 

 nation be made, whether ihe piston has dropped truly down to its place upon 

 the rod. If so, ihe lid or cover must be let down, and by lowering and raising 

 the beam and the piston, you will perceive whether the rod always moves up 

 and down truly in the axis of the cylinder. It must be made to do so by 

 shifting the plummer blocks out or in ; or by shifting the martingales to one 

 side or the other. The utmost care should be taken that the plummer blocks 

 be placed both of one height, and after the beam has been some days in place, 

 it should be examined if the gudgeons be truly horizontal, as othcnvise it will 

 cause a most disagreeable motion in the piston-rod. 



29. Caulk the joint round the inner bottom, between it and the pipa of the 

 outer bottom, with roi'e yarn or oakum, as hard drove in as possible. Screw 

 the nozzle to the pipe of the inner bottom; making the joint as has been 

 directed, and with the utmost care, so that the nozzle may hang a quarter 

 or half an inch lower at the point than at the joint, that any water condensed 

 in it may run to the exhaustion pipe. Put a strong wooden prop from the 

 ground to the lower side of the nizzle, right under the perpendicular steam 

 pipe ; and care should be taken that the inside of the bottom of the nozzle be 

 even with, or rather lower than, the inside of the bottom of Ihe pipe which 

 comes from the inner bottom of tlie cylinder, so that no water may lodge. 



30. Put on the steam case, screwing the panels together with a few screws. 

 If found to be too short, it may be lengthened by means of a lead flanch put 

 in the middle joint, with a thickness of pasteboard on eacli side of it ; but if 

 found too narrow, and the deficiency, upon being divided equally .amongst all 

 the joints, amounts to more than a quarter of an inch, to each joint at the 

 inner side, then a bar of iron must be prepared of such breadth as will make 

 up the whole deficiency, and as thick as it can be received between the screw 

 holes, in the perpendicular llanches of the steam case, and the rings on the 

 cylinder. This Ijar must be put into a joint of the stei:m case, on the back- 

 side of the cylinder, and be made tight hy caulking, or hy pasteboard. Re- 



