152 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT'S JOURNAL. 



[April, 



their fausels, by caulking, as directea ; and no tin, from any of the solder- 

 ings, must be left in the pipes. 



39. The pump of the condenser must be fixed down by screws passing 

 through the bottom of the cistern and the beam under it ; and it must be 

 remembered that its tendency to rise is very powerful, and that if it has any 

 play, it will be sure to spoil the eduction pipe joints ; or, perhaps, break it. 

 The hot water pump must have a strong prop under it, and be tied down, as 

 well as the other. A beam of deal, nine or ten inches square, must be put 

 across the cistern, near the air pump rod, to support a pair of shears, or up- 

 rights, as a pump break, for that pump, to examine the tightness of the joints 

 by. This break must have an arch, and a chain with a hook, to chain it to 

 the chain of the air pump rod when in use. The buckets of the condenser 

 pumps must be surrounded by a plaited rope, made of rope yarn, of such 

 breadth as will fill easily the interstices between the bucket and the pump 

 barrel. A pudding link chain, four feet long, must be fastened to the top of 

 the sliding rod of the air pump, and to the other parts of that rod which 

 reaches to the working beam. Its use is, to suffer the engine to work with- 

 out unloosing the hook of the pump break, when trying experiments on the 

 tightness of the engine. 



40. The stuffing box of the air pump must be packed with a small soft rope, 

 wrapped round the rod, and forced down into the box pretty tight, but so 

 that the rod may move easily. A fiat round piece of wood, about one and a 

 half inch thick, fitted easy to the inside of the box, and to the outside of the 

 rod, must he put above the stuffing, and screwed down by the gland. There 

 need no screws to be put to hold down thit side of the air pump lid which is 

 over the connecting box ; those on each side of the box arc sufficient if proper 

 attention be paid to making the joints. In like manner, the lid or clack door 

 of the lower valve of the eduction pipe foot needs only two screws, one at 

 each end. In the bottom of the air pump must be placed a ring of hammered 

 iron, with three or four feet for the bucket of the pump to rest upon when at 

 its lowest; i.e., when the lower edge of the packing of the bucket is within 

 one inch of the under end of the working barrel. This ring must be so fixed 

 that it m;<y not turn round, and come in the way of the lower valve of the 

 eduction pipe. An upright, six inches square, must be fixed from the bottom 

 of the cistern, near the injection, to screw that pipe to; and its upper end 

 must be fastened to the beam that supports the lever, and the end of the «ork- 

 ing barrel of the injection. This upright should be fixed firmly; and the 

 injection pipe should be fastened by a stirrup, with screwed ends, grasping 

 the neck of the valve, going through the upright, and having nuts behind it- 

 Any motion in the injection pipe will be apt to loosen or crack the joints of 

 it ; therefore it must be firmly fastened. 



41. Guards must be fi.xcd over the injection and blowing valves to prevent 

 their opening ; for the nob of the spindle, which stops them by the bridge of 

 the valves, is not to be trusted. It may therefore be cut ofl' ; which w ill give 

 the convenience of taking out the fly part of the valve at pleasure. An S 

 hook of iron must be fitted into the eye of the valve, that it may have no 

 motion there ; and the rod that pulls it open must have a hole in its lower 

 end, that the upper end of the S may play easily. If allowed to have motion 

 in the eye of the valve it will soon wear it out. Guards must also be fixed 

 over the valves on the air pump lid, to prevent their over opening. These 

 guards may be fixed by means of two of the screws which fasten on the lid. 

 (To he coyitinued.) 



REGISTER OF NEW PATENTS. 



(Under tliis head we propose to give abstracts of the specifications of all the most im- 

 portant patents as they are enrolled. If any additional information be required as to any 

 patent, the same may be obtained by applying to Mr. LAXTON at the OfRce of this 

 JOURNAL.) 



BOILER FURNACES. 



Elisiia Hatdon Collier, of Goldsworthy Terrace, Rotherhithe, Surrey, 

 Civil Engineer, for " Imj>rovements in the construction of furnaces and Jlues" — 

 Granted September 28, 1843 ; enrolled March 28, 1844. 



This inventiun relates firstly to a peculiar mode of arranging the flues of 

 furnaces that the smoke and other vapours shall previously to passing up the 

 chimney be made to pass over a clear fire, which fire is in a furnace entirely 

 distinct from the ordinary or original testing fires; secondly, in forming a 

 double flue in the chimney, for the purpose of conducting a current of warm 

 air down the same to the fire. 



The drawings which accompany the specification show the improvement 

 as being applied to a marine boiler constructed with five furnaces ; the smoke 

 and healed vapours from the two side fires pass through tubes (whicli the 

 inventor prefers to be made square instead of round) in a direction from front 

 to back of the boiler, and then in an opposite direction (from back to front) 

 through flues, which conduct the smoke to the centre or clear fire; the smoke 

 and vapours after passing over the cle.ar or consuming fire pass along a flue, 

 which :a a short distance branches off right and left ; at right angles to the 

 furnaces, towards the sides of the boiler, the flues then return and join the 

 chimney, which is at the back and in the centre of the boiler. The chimney 

 is made double, or in other words, is surrounded with a water space, for.the 



purpose of supplying the boiler with a hot feed instead of a cold one ; it is 

 also constructed with a double passage, one being for the emission of such 

 smoke as may be unconsumed, and the other for the introduction of air, 

 which air becomes heated in its passage previous to being introduced into 

 the clear fire. The patentee describes two modes of introducing such air into 

 the clear fire ; first, by letting the air pass through a perforated plate situate 

 at the front of the fire, and secondly, by way of the ash pit, and through a 

 number of longitudinal openings, at that part of the clear fire or furnace 

 usually occupied by the dead plate : these plates are supported at each end 

 by axis, the arrangement being similar to the Venetian blind, so that by 

 means of a lever the openings can be enlarged or diminished, and the supply 

 of air regulated at pleasure. When applying the improvements, as above, 

 to boilers on land, it will be necessary to place the boilers as near together as 

 practicable ; and for coppers, 8cc-, the inventor proposes to construct the 

 flues in such manner, that the smoke from the first fire after passing rounil 

 the copper, passes over the fire of the next copper, and the smoke of that 

 one over the next fire, &c., and finally over a clear fire of charcoal or 

 coke, other unconsumed smoke and other vapours from the various furnaces 

 then pass off to the chimney. 



RAILWAY WHEELS. 



Jon.\tiian .Saunders, of Soho Kill, Birmingham, Gentleman, for "Improve- 

 ments in the manufacture of tyres of railway and other wheels, and in the manu' 

 facture of railway and other axles'' — Granted October 5, 1843; enrolled April 

 4, 1844. 



This invention relates to a mode of so combining iron and steel in the 

 manufacture of tyres for railway and other wheels, that the steel may be at 

 those parts of the surface of the iron most liable to wear, after the steel and 

 iron has been rolled into bars for the purposes above described. In order to 

 carry out this invention the steel and iron is piled togetlier, and then heated 

 to a welding heat, after which they are passed under the hammer and formed 

 into a bloom, and then passed between suitable rollers for forming it into bars 

 adapted for tyres for railway and other wheels ; by this means the steel is 

 intimately combined, and is said will possess many advantages over the pre- 

 sent mode of applying steel to the face of tyres for railway wheels ; the 

 patentee in some cases makes the pile so as to present a surface of iron, with 

 steel underneath, the former being removed when turning up the wheel in 

 the lathe in the construction thereof. The claim is for the mode of manufac- 

 turing tyres for railway and other wheels, by rolling them from piles of iron 

 and steel, in such manner that the steel is at the wearing surface, j 



CANNABIC CONrPOSITION. 



Benedict Albano, of Piccadilly, Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for " Im- 

 provements in preparing materials and applying them to the manufacture, oforna- 

 ments. and other useful purposes." — Granted October 5, 1843; enrolled April 

 4, 1844. 



The fibrnus material to be employed, whether the same be cotton, flax, or 

 hemp, is in the first place to be opened out and then carded, so as to lay the 

 fibres into one even and uniform sheet ; a number of these sheets from the 

 carding engine are then laid upon an endless cloth, commonly called a feed 

 cloth, and moves towards a pair of wooden rollers covered with felt, between 

 which the sheets of fibre pass, but previously to entering the rollers, the 

 sheet is copiously sprinkled with boiling water, and then compressed by 

 passing them between the rollers, after which the sheet may be rolled up and 

 laid aside, ready for the next operation, which is as follows : — The dry sheets 

 of fibrous material are to be saturated with a compound consisting of 71 

 parts by weight of gas tar. and 30 parts of resin, melted together, to which 

 is to be added 15 pnrts of oxide of manganese. There is also another 

 mixture or compound which consists of 75 parts of linseed oil, 25 parts 

 of resin, and 10 parts of o.\ide of manganese, which are to be mixed together 

 as before. These two mixtures are then put into a suitable vessel or trough 

 and intimately combined by agitation and gentle heat ; the sheets of fibrous 

 material are then placed in the trough (at one end of which there is a pair of j 

 rollers), and well saturated with the mixture, they are then passed through 1 

 the rollers, and as much of the mixture expressed as possible, after which the ' ' 

 sheets are conveyed upon an ojien frame to a hot air stove and dried ; they 

 are in the next place subjected to a mixture of linseed oil and yellow ochre, 

 and again passed between the rollers. The sheets are now in a suitable state 

 (after being softened by heat) for being embossed for ornamental moulding, 

 which is effected by means of dies and an hydrostatic or other press. The 

 impressions thus obtained are then to be dried in a stove, and aftenvanls 

 coated with a composition of resin, dissolved in about one quarter its weight 

 of linseed oil, to which is added a little turpentine and yellow ochre. If the 

 impression is not sufficiently sharp and complete, another coating may be 

 given, and again pressed in the dies. The impressions after being allowed to 

 dry for two or more days, may be coated with a strong animal size and 

 Spanish white, when they will be ready for use. The inventor also claims a 

 peculiar method for making the counter die. 



