1844.] 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT'S JOURNAL. 



323 



are 4J inches extreme length, 1 inch wide, and i inch thick in tho 

 middle, which part is of an oval form ; the bosses at each end through 

 which the pins pass being i thick, and somewhat elongated, the ob- 

 ject of which is to maintain the strength of the link as the holes througli 

 wliich the pins pass, wear by the continued action of the same in the 

 direction of the length of each link, or the chain; we mention the 

 sizes of the links in consequence of the inventor laying claim to the 

 construction of flat chains, of the proportion shown in the drawings of 

 the patent, which may either be increased or diminished according to 

 the strength of chain required. The flat chain as shown consists of 

 three of such links in breadth to form one length or compound link, 

 the adjoining link consisting of two such links placed between the 

 three, and at each side there are two links with flat sides, or half links, 

 which together are equal to one of the links above described. The 

 links thus arranged are fixed together by a pin or bolt tit diameter, 

 which is passed through them and then rivetted so as to keep the 

 whole firmly together. 



That part of the invention which relates to improvements in the 

 manufacture of flat chains, consists in making the links as above de- 

 scribed, by rolling flat bar iron in a heated state between rollers hav- 

 ing grooves in their peripheries, of the exact form of the links intended 

 to be made, which grooves at intervals in the roller are enlarged so as 

 to form the enlarged part of the links at each end thereof. The links 

 after being rolled are placed between two dies or moulds, and sub- 

 jected to pressure, which makes the links all of one size. The inventor 

 claims the method or methods of manuf icturing links for the con- 

 struction of flat chains for mining and other purposes ; the essential 

 character of such improved method being that the links are all of the 

 same size, and of the form and proportions shown in the drawings of 

 the patent, the same being prepared by rolling bars of heated iron 

 between rollers having grooves in their surface of the form of the 

 links, and also the enlargement or cavities in the aforesaid grooves 

 for forming the ends or enlarged part of the links, together with press- 

 ing the links after they have been cut from the bars, between dies or 

 moulds whilst they are in a heated state. 



WIRE CHAINS. 



William Losh, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Esq., for " improvements 

 in the manu/aclure of chains/or mining and other purposes." — Granted 

 February 17 ; Enrolled August 17, 1844. 



This invention consists in a pe- 

 culiar mode of constructing chains 

 for mining and other purposes, 

 from wire or elongated metal in 

 the following manner. The in- 

 ventor takes a piece of wire or 

 elongated metal, and laps it a num- 

 ber of times round the mandril in 

 the form shown at fig. 1, the two 

 ends of the wire are then fastened 

 together by forming them into a 

 loop, or twisting them together. 

 This wire link is then bent in the 

 middle as shown at fig. 2, it is then 

 bent or doubled up so as to bring 

 the two ends together as at fig. 3, 

 the links thus formed may then be 

 passed through one another singly 

 so as to form a continuous chain. 

 It will also be evident (without the 

 aid of a diagram) to those who 

 understand the construction of 

 chains, that each link may be made 

 to pass through two or more links, 

 according to the strength of chain 

 required. In the construction of flat chains for mining purposes, the 

 inventor places a number of chains together as at fig. 4, and binds the 

 whole together transversely by threading wire through the links, or 

 by means of plates, in the same manner as those of ordinary construc- 

 tion, for which he claims the mode of constructing chains of wire or 

 elongated metal in the manner described, which chains are applicable 

 for shipping, mining, and other purposes. 



ENDLESS BELTS AND CHAINS. 



John Kebble, of Glasgow, gentleman, for " improvements in trans- 

 mitting power in ivorking machinery where endless belts, chains, or 

 straps are or may be used." — Granted February 17; Enrolled August 

 17, 1844. 



It is well known that endless straps or belts of leather have been and 



are, and we may venture to say, will be employed for transmitting 

 power from the main or driving shafts and from the minor or counter 

 shafts to the various machines, from the willow to the loom, and which 

 material has heretofore been found to be the best suited, and which is 

 not likely to be superseded, at all events by the invention in question, 

 which consists in the application of endless belts of metallic plates, 

 joined together as hereinafter described, that is to say, an endless belt 

 for transmitting rotary motion from one shaft or drum to another, 

 consists of thin plates of steel or brass joined end to end by means of 

 lap joints rivetted together. A second arrangement consists of joining 

 the ends of metal plates so as to form endless bands lor the purpose 

 above described, by turning a portion of the plates at the ends round 

 two cylindrical pieces of iron or steel, these pieces being connected at 

 each end by means of flat springs bent in a semicircular form ; the 

 tension of these springs determines the strength of the endless belt, 

 and renders the same elastic. 



DYEING OF FURS. 



Isabella Larbalestier, of Noble-street, Falcon-square, London, 

 furrier, for " improveirients in making certain skins resemble the sable 

 /Mr."— Granted February 26 ; Enrolled July 27, 1844. 



This invention consists in applying to the surface of the skins called 

 " Hampaster," a colouring composition to give them the appearance 

 of sable fur. The process pursued is as follows, although the patentee 

 has given the proportions of the difl'erent materials that she uses, 

 she does not confine herself thereto, so long as the character of the 

 composition be retained. The skins being previously dressed, are 

 first to be covered over with a " killing" or slacked lime, made in the 

 proportion of one pound of lime to a gallon of water ; this " killing" 

 is to be put on the hair surface of the skin lightly with a brush, and 

 allowed to remain on for twelve hours, after that it is to be thoroughly 

 beaten off'; it is then to have a coat of the colouring composition put 

 on, made of the following materials :— 3 lb. of roasted gall nuts, 4 oz. of 

 salammonia, 14 oz. of sumack, 12 oz. of black antimony, 2 oz. of verdi- 

 gris, 10 oz. of lettirsedge, 4 oz. of copper-dust, 10 oz. of argile, all 

 to be reduced to a fine powder, and gradually mixed smoothly with 

 nine gallons of water. Apply with a brush a coat of this mixture over 

 the surface of the skins, and then allow them to remain for twenty- 

 four hours, laying each two skins together with their hair surfaces 

 touching each other ; care being taken that they do not become heated. 

 After remaining twenty-lour hours, the skins are to be well beaten, 

 and the process repeated until the skins are made the colour required. 

 They have then to be cleaned, by putting them into a closed cylinder 

 with sand and mahogany sawdust, and giving a rotatory motion to it 

 for about two hours, taking care that the temperature is not less than 

 blood heat; after this process of cleaning, the skins will then be in a 

 fit state for the market. 



REFRIGERATOR. 



Thomas Masterman, of the Dolphin Brewery, Broad-street, Rat- 

 clift", in the county of Middlesex, common brewer, for "a certain 

 method or mechanism for the speedy cooling of liquids, being within 

 certain degrees of temperature; and which method or mechanism he 

 terms a refrigerator." — Granted February 24 ; Enrolled April 1844. — 

 Reported in the ' London Journal.' 



An elevation, partly in section 

 of the improved refrigerator, is 

 shown in the annexed figure, a, 

 is a cast iron cylinder, termed the 

 " cistern ;" it is IS inches deep, 

 with a flange at its lower end, and 

 a short lateral flanged pipe d, of 2J 

 inches bore, b, is a cast iron cy- 

 linder, called the "case;" it is 12 

 feet deep, with a flange at each 

 end, and two short lateral pieces 

 e, f, of 2^ inches bore; and just 

 above the lower flange, there is a 

 flanged arm-hole g, of 6 inches 

 diameter, closed perfectly water- 

 tight by a door, when repairs are 

 not going on. c, is another cast 

 iron cylinder, termed the " re- 

 ceiver;" it is 4 inches deep, with 

 a flange at each end, and two short 

 lateral pipes h, i, of 2^ inches bore : 

 the inner diameter of the cistern, 

 case, and receiver, is l3i inches. 



