1844.] 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT'S JOURNAL. 



421 



is carried from tlie liead H in a lateral direction through the wall M, 

 to the external atmosphere. 



The metal funnel G, opens into a pipe N, which, passing up tlie 

 centre of the head H, turns oft' at a right angle, and terminates in the 

 windguard, (fig. 2a) on the outside of the huilding. 



While the more immediate products of combustion pass away 

 through the chimneys C, funnel G, and pipe N, the heated and 

 vitiated air of the apartment escapes through the openings in the 

 ventilating head H, along the pipe L, to the wiudguard S. 



P is a small conical draught-pipe, which is carried from the out- 

 side of the building (hrougli the ventilating head H, into the funnel- 

 pipe N, terminating just bevond the right angular bend of the latter. 

 The cold air rushing through this pipe serves to impart a great in- 

 crease of velocity to the column of heated air and vapours escaping 

 through the lube'. 



R is an opening for the escape into the atmosphere of any heated 

 air which may accumulate between the ceiling and floor. 



T is a ring by which both the outer and inner pipes are joined; an 

 edge view of it is given in fig. 9, 



S (fig. 2a) is an external cover or windguard, affixed to the mouth 

 of the pipe L, by which any back draught is prevented. A section of 

 this windguard on the line 6? i!, is given separately in fig. 5, and a sec- 

 tion of it on the line e e, in fig. 7. 



REGISTER OF NEW PATENTS. 



{Under this head we propose giving abstracts of the specifications of all the most Im. 

 portant patents as they are enrolled. If any additional Information be required as to any 

 patent, the same may be obtained by applying to Mr. LAXTON at tlie Office of this 

 JOURNAL.) 



VENTILATION flY GAS LISHTS. 



DoNALn Grant, of Greenwich, Ksq, for " ImprmeKicnts applicable to the 

 ventilation of apartments in which gas and other combustible matters are con- 

 sumed by ignition."— Gtanleil April 18; Enrolled October 18, 184t. 



The improvcmonts conf^ist of a mode of constructing and arranging certain 

 apparatus in connexion with gas or other burners, whereLiy the products of 

 combustion may be carried off, and the apartments in which such burners are 

 situate ellectuully ventilated ; the temperature of the apartment may also by 

 means of these improvements be maintained uniform or nearly so, as the 

 beateil and foul air Mbicb rises to the upper part of the room will be carried 

 of! by means of my improved apparatus, which will be found more parliru- 

 laily useful and advantageous when burners which give out considerable heat 

 and a large body of llame are used, as is Ihe case with most centre lights 

 constructed on the Boccius or Bude piinciple, in which metallic lubes are em- 

 ployed to carry off Ihe products of combustion. It has been found ihat ibe 

 gases and other products arising from the combustion of carburetted hydro- 

 gen gas injuriously act upon and destroy these metallic tubes even when they 

 are made of copper. Metal is also so good a conductor of heat that lubes 

 made of this material are liable to get overheated, and would ignite any in- 

 Uammable substance that might be contiguous thereto. The object of the 

 present invention is, as far as possible, to obviate these difficulties, and to 

 etli'Ct Ibis object the inventor proposes to employ pipes made of earthenware 

 or stoneware to conduct Ihe products of combustion away from the burners. 

 This material is not only a bad conductur of heat, but it may be heated to a 

 very high temperature without danger; moreover, it is not liable to oxyda- 

 linn, or to be otherwise injuriously acted upon by the carbonic acid or other 

 gases arising from the flame. The patentee employs either the Bude light, 

 the Boccius light, or any other in which there is a large body of flame and 

 consequently great heat, and suspends it from the ceiling in the ordinary man- 

 ner. 



The upiicr end of the ordinary glass chimney is inserted a short distance, 

 about half an inch rather more than less, into the lower end of the lowermost 

 conical chimney, and the upper end of this latter is inserted in the lower end 

 of the next anil so on, the upper end of the uppermost conical chimney being 

 inserted into Ihe opening in the earthen or stoneware tube in the ceiling, By 

 Ibis means the products of combustion are eflectually prevented from escap- 

 ing into Ihe room, and a constant draught of the heated and foul air is kept 

 up into the interiorparts of the chimnies at all the junctions and also through 

 a ventilator in the ceiling into a chamber surrounding the pipe. The pro- 

 ducts of combustion are, as before stated, carried up into the earthen elbow 

 tube, from whence they pass along the long straight tube made of similar 

 materials, and constructed in lengths of about two feet. These lengths are 

 securely luted together ivith any suitable cement, so as to form a continuous 

 length of tube. A metal ventilating plate surrounds the aperture into which 

 the upper end of the uppermost conical glass chimney is inserted. This ven- 

 tilating plate is furnished with holes or apertures whereby the hot and foul 



air from the apartment is admitted into the space between the metal tuljo and 

 earthen tube, and allowed to pass along this annular space until it ultimately 

 escapes either into a flue or into Ihe external atmosphere by means of the 

 aperture. The products of combustion being conducted along the earthen 

 tube do not become mixed with Ihe heated air from the apartment until both 

 are upon the point of escaping into the atmosphere through the aperture. 

 In order further to insure against any of the parts becoming overheated by 

 the beat arising from the flame of the burner a cold air pipe, communicat- 

 ing wiih the external atmosphere, is maile to convey a stream of cold air and 

 cause it to impinge against the outer surface of the metal jacket, and this 

 current of cold air being allowed to play freely all round the whole extent of 

 Ihe external surface of the metal tube will carry off the superabundant heat 

 therefrom and keep the tube moderately cool. 



As the heat given off from a burner of magnitude is very considerable, Ihe 

 patentee proposes to utilize this heat for Ihe purposeof warming an adjoining 

 apartinent. One plan of eflecting Ibis object is instead of carrying off the 

 products of combustion directly, as in the former case, be conducts them up- 

 wards through the flooring of the room above into an earthen or other vessel, 

 chamber, or stove, where they radiate their heat and then pass do«n another 

 earthen pipe into the horizontal pipe, and finally escape into the atmo- 

 sphere. 



A reference to the engravings in the present Journal, page 420, of a pendant 

 gas lamp, registered by Mr. Jones, w ho has adopted Mr. Grant's invention, 

 M ill, together with the above abstract, explain the nature of this patent. 



RAILWAY IMPROVEMENTS. 



JoHNMEivii.LE,of Upper Harley-street, Middlesex, Esq., for "Improvements 

 in the construction anil mode of working railways." — Granted April 30 ; Enrolled 

 October 30, 1844. 



The improvements are in the form and construction of the rails upon wliich 

 the carriages run, and also in arrangements for increa.sing Ihe adhesion of the 

 driving w heels of the engines to the rails ; for guiding and retaining the trains 

 upon the rails, and for retarding and bringing them to rest, and the preven- 

 tion of accidents at the passage of the curves; likewise for diminishing the 

 eflects of concussion and vibration, and for preventing the loss of water at- 

 tendant upon the ordinary method of connecting the water tank with the feed 

 pumi>s. The specification contains eight claims. 



The first is for an improved form of rails on which Ihe carriages run. They 

 are formed of timber ; the upper surface is flat, with a plate of iron for Ihe 

 wheels to run upon, the plate is slightly inclned at the curves so that the 

 inner edge is rather lower than the outer one. The wheels of the carriage 

 are formed without flanges, but the carriage is guided and retained on Ihe 

 rails by means of two horizontal wheels connected to the frame of the car- 

 riage and running in a groove formed iiaidway between Ihe rails by means of 

 two wooden rails. At Ihe curves it is necessary to fix an iron plate for the 

 guide wheels to run along in the inner side of the outer central rail. 



The second claim is for a tramway consisting of wooden sleepers with a 

 portion of the inner side cut away at the upper edge to receive an iron tram 

 plale. 



The third claim is for increasing the adhesion of the' driving wheels ; the 

 wheels are formed of .segments of wood a, inserted in a cast iron boss or nave 

 b, wiih the grain of the wood standing in a radiating direction and braced 

 together near the circumference by Iho flat rings of iron c, one on each side 

 of the wheel, with pins d, passing tbrough both ringsand secured by screwed 



nuts or by rivelting. To promote Ihe adhesion Ihe peripheries of the wheels 

 ate scored wiih minute oblique or transverse grooves, or are imlenttd with 

 numerous small holes, and filled in wiih a composition of sand or similar 

 substances mixed « ilb glue or other adhesive matter ; the inventor has found 

 marine glue to answer this purpose well. 

 The fourth claim is for diminishing the effects of vibration and concussion, 



37 



