1845.1 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT'S JOURNAL. 



16 



THIRD OR PUBLIC BUILDING CLASS. 

 ScHF.nrt.E(C) Pabt V.— «.-7'i«//.> '"r ilrl.rmhihr^ llu- Italc to which m>i, 



Building of (he Third or P"hli, Huildiiiij Cl.us i.s In Ih d,;imd la bclmig. 



If any buHdlog of the Ihiril or luibli. l.iilliliiiR riasa i:oiif.i|Hm(i In form or struitmi; 

 or ilispositloii Willi a ilwcllior-lo'"'*''. "on llu' ..ilo lliouol Is to Ipo ilotcnnliu-d liy the 



uniiie rules US the riit.'s ol llu- losi u. llmr »<■ .!..»« . xml Ihi' tliliknrsses ol the 



Fxtertial iiiiil party-millB <\ ili.' "i^ln. "l 11" io..iIiikii llicrcol, are to lie at the leant 



lour Inches more than is lau l.v n .luiu ,1 m, iIk^ .xlvni.il iind imily-walls, iinil the 

 footlncs thereof, ofbaihliiiKS ol llo' s.uiic i.ilr ol the hrst or chvellinB house class, on- 

 less the ollielal referees, on spielal siijiervlslou In each ease, shall olhcrwia* aiipoiiit. 

 But If it coiresponil hi lorui or striu lure or ills|iosltloii with u warehouse, or any hulhl- 

 ing of the seiond elass, then the rate thereof Is to he ileterinlneil by the same rules as 

 the r,ites of the seeoiiri or narehuiise elass i ami the thickness of the external anil 

 liorly-walla, ami lh« width of llic fuuliiiRS thereof, are to he at the least four inches 

 more than Is hcichy rciiulnil lor the external and party-walls, and the footings Iheieol 

 ol hutldings of the same rale of the second or warehouse class, unless the official re- 

 ferees, on special supeiviaion in each case, shall otherwise appoint. But if it do not 

 correspond in form and structure, or in either, with bnlidings of Ihc lirst or second 

 classes, or any of them, then sneh hnlldtng Is to he sutiject, as to Its walla or other 

 caiislructlon, to the special ajiproval of the official referees. 



ATTACHED, DETACHEU AND 1N.SULATRD BUILDINGS AND OFFICES. 



.'■ciiEDULL (C.) Tart \ll.~Hulis ronn-riiiiif; ullmhrd aud delached and in- 

 sulaled Bttildinax, as In Ihe Units and Walls Ihercnf. 



ATTACHED BUII.DINfiS AND OKKICES.— With regard to buildings or ofticea 

 now built or hiTearter to be built (except greenhou'ies, vineries, aviaries, or such like 

 buildiog!i\ and thai, whether such buildings or offices be attached to or detached from 

 the buiMioKS to uhiih they belong. Every such building Is to be deemed, in respect 

 of the Mails llicieol, and all other lequisUes.las a bulUiing of the rate to which it would 

 belong u it bad l«co lioilt separately. 



INSri.ATEI) KUILDINUS.— And with regard to buildings of the first or dwelling- 

 house class, and of the second or warehouse class, which shall be Insulated, so far as 

 relates to the dist.iiice tliereof from a public street or way,— every such building must 

 be distant from any public street or alley one-third of the height ihercof at the least ; 

 and if tlie building do not exceed twenty-four feet in height,— then it must be so dis- 

 tant at the least eight feet ; and with regard to such building, so far as relates to the 

 distance thercoriioni any oilier building, or from ground not in the same possession 

 or occupation thtrcwith. or c-'unected therewith only by a fence or fence-wall, It must 

 be distant from such other building or such other ground at the least 30 feet ; and if 

 such building be so distant from a public street or alley, and from any other building, 

 or from ground not in the same iiossession or occupation thereof,— then such building 

 is not to lie liable in respect of tlie dimensions and materials thereof to the rules and 

 directions of this Act. 



INSULATED nUILDlNGS AFTERWARDS DIVIDED.— Provldedalways, that 

 if any such liutlding b^ hereafter divided into two or more dialinct buildings, and the 

 several parts of such building so divided be not at the aforesaid distance from each 

 other, and fioin other buildings aud ground, then such several parts must be separated 

 from each other by such party-walls as are herein prescribed for the rates to which 

 such several parts, if adjoining, would belong. And if such reiiuisites be not observed, 

 then such several parts of such buildings in respect of which they are not so observed, 

 shall be deemed a public nuisance, and as such he taken down, according to the pro- 

 visions of this Act in that behalf. 



TOLL-HOUSES, &c.— And with regard to certain buildings which shall be built 

 for the purposes of trade or the collactiou of toll, if such buildinga be situate fifteen 

 feet at the least from any other building, and da not cover an area of more than one 

 square and a half, and the height thereol do not exceed twelve feet from the ground to 

 the h1>;hest point of the roof, then every such building may be Inclosed with any ma- 

 terials whatsoever ; but the roof thereof must be covered as herein directed with regard 

 to roofs, and the chimney and flue (i! any) must be built as lierein directed with regard 

 to chimneys and flues. 



WILLIAMS' PATENT SLATK RIDGES AND MIPS. 

 This invention is an excellent subslitule for lead, anil \io are of opinion is 

 superior, as it is not liable to be ilerangcil by liigh wimls, it is cheaper anj 

 saves a roll in \vooJ. The annexcJ engravings sufficiently explain the prin- 

 ciple. 



A. Ridge side with roller. B. Ditto loose, to fit under ditto. C. Pin hole 

 in the end of Ihc roller. D, Screw hole to fasten the under piece to the ridge. 

 E E. Rabbeted joints. F F. The dotted part shews ths form of the squarei 

 top 



In order (o put on tlic ridge the wood ridge piece should be kept up about 

 nn inch clear of the sialinj,', and bevelled off on each side so that Ihe upper 

 edge of Ihe under pait of the slale ridge should bear solid on the l)cvel of the 

 Hood ridge, llie lower end will then Uar tight on Ibe slating when screwed 

 on. The part of Ihe slate ridge which has Ihe roll is to be bedded on the 

 oilier in oil cement. The ero.ss sijnarc joints (of those not rabbeted), arc to 

 be secured, if re(|Uircil, by putting a small sirip ol le.id or ainc across the 

 »o"d ridf;e under llie joints of the slale ridge. 



The roll pari is secured by a small cupper dowel placed into a hole in the 

 end of the roll made for that purpose. It will l« necessary to secure the 

 smaller ridges, by screwing on llie part that lias llie roll to the wood ridge, as 

 a bolt in llic end would not be sudicient Tin screw holes should be filled 

 »itli oil cement fust, then screwed, and the head of the screw filled up with 

 the oil cement. 



The sizes that are generally used TBry from 2j to 4J inches for the circum- 

 ference of the roll, and from 4J to 5] inches wide for Ihe hooping part ; the 

 price varies from "id. lo IIW. per foot run, if the juinis be rabbeted Id. per 

 foot extra, and if square roll ins'ead of round Id. less. Specimens of the 

 ridge m.ay be seen at Messrs. Sharp's Yard, Tooley Street. 



THE UliTUIBUTION. 



This vessel io a first-class war steamer of 1641 tons biirtlien, built at Chat- 

 ham, for her Majesty's service ; she has been fitted with engines of 800-horBe 

 power, by Messrs. Maudslays and Field, the largest power, we believe, that 

 has yet been applied to any war steamer. They are on the double cylinder 

 principle, patented by Messrs. Joseph Maudslay and Field, and described in the 

 Jijiinial, Vol. III. for IH'IO. There arc four boilers on the flue principle set 

 in pairs, back to back. The beginning of last month the engines were tried 

 in the West liwlia IJocks, in the presence of the Lords of the Admiralty and 

 several scientific genllemen, they worked beautifully, and were Ihe admira- 

 tion of all parties on board. The following are the dimensions: — Length of 

 the vessel between perpendicular, 220 feet; breadth, 10 feet 6 inches; depth 

 of hold, 26 feet 1 inrhcs ; length of engine-room, 75 feet. The engines have 

 two pair of cybnders, 72 inches in diameter, 8 feet stroke, performing 15 

 strokes per minute, diameter of paddlcwhcel 34 feet, and width 13 feet. 



lELlZABETHAN FURNHURE. 



Jbshnri of a Paper rrnd nl Ihc General Mceling of Ihe Decorative Arl Society^ 



I'rhrnnnj Wlh, hi/ Gi-.ORGti Kn.nES. On Ihe Style o,f Furniture in Use daring 



Ihe licii^ns of Elizabeth and James I., and its npplicabilil;/ to Modem Purposes. 



The great prevalence of the Elizabethan style, both in the exterior and in- 

 terior decorations of the present day, renders ihe subject one of great interest 

 and importance to all those connected with decorative arl. 



It was at first my intention to give a brief sketch of the stale of domestic 

 interiors previously to the time of the Tudors, and the progress of improve- 

 ment in the arls connected therewith i but finding that even Ihe slightest 

 approach to dulail would occupy more time Ihan couM Ijc devoted to the sub- 

 ject, I will content myself with a slight reference to Ihe reigns of Henry VII. 

 and bis immedialc predecessors, and then pass to that of his son, during 

 which, were inlroduccd those changes, that caused so material an improve- 

 ment in the domeslic decorations of the age, and Ied,to Ihc formation of what 

 we call the Elizabethan style. 



From the time of Henry IV. to that of Henry VI., the style of furniture in 

 use in England was of a rude substantial character, occasionally varied by 

 sumptuous and splendid novelties introduced from Italy and the East ; such 

 exceptions, however, proving more forcibly the utter want of comfort in the 

 general arrangements of the period. The princes and nobles wasted their 

 revenues either in loreigu or domestic warfare, or in the e.xercise of the most 

 wasteful and lavish hospitality, without seeking or estimating the comfort 

 which is so essential an ingredient in the enjoyment of modern existence. 



During the succeeding reigns of Edward IV. and Richard III. some im- 

 provement was undoubtedly taking place; but it is not till the accession of 

 Henry VII. that any material change is perceptible. That wise prince, with 

 the view of breaking up the remains of the feudal system and controlling 

 the power of his noble: , endeavoured lo lead their minds to the re-edifying 

 and decorating of their mansions and halls ; hoping by inducing Ihem to ex- 

 haust their wealth in such pursuits, to deprive them of the means of keeping 

 up the large bodies of retainers, by which, in former reigns, ibey had arrived 

 at such a height of power, as lo become formidable neighbours of royalty, and 

 keep the occupant of the throne in a constant state of apprehension. 



The general introduction of rliimneys, which took place about this lime 

 was, therefore, a material improvement for health as well as convenience. 

 Hollinshed mentions in his chronicle, that wilhin his own remembrance, there 

 were not above two or three chipineys " if so many, in most of the uplandish 

 towns of the realm (the religious houses and manor places of their lords al- 



