1946.] 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT'S JOURNAL. 



31 



verted pendulum or caunterLialaiice weiglit, rtnil to eadi end of lliJs last-men- 

 tioned beam there is attached by a pin joint a vertical rod, the lower i-mis of 

 wliich are attached in a similar manner to the " scoops" which are intended 

 to raise the itater from one clevaCioo to another. These scoops consist of a 



trough which may be made with a flat or curvilinear bottom, and somewhat 

 deeper at one emt than the other, that end which is the deepest being at- 

 tached to the vertical rods which are in connection with the working 

 beams, the opposite end of the troughs being attached, by means of axes, 

 (upon which they move,) in any convenient manner to the embankment, the 

 height or level of which is eijual to that at w Inch the water is intended to be 

 raised; at the bottom of these troughs and at the outer end thereof there 

 are a number of valves opening inwards. From this description it will be 

 seen that at each stroke of the engine one end of each of these troughs will 

 be raised and lowered alternately, in such manner that when the engine is at 

 or near the end of its stroke the end ot one of the troughs or scoops will be 

 immersed in the water intended to be raised, w liicli will pass through the 

 valves and into the scoop, the engine being provided with an hydrostatic 

 catch or cataract, the object of which is to keep the engine and other appa- 

 ratus, for a certain period, in a quiescent stale at the termination of each 

 stroke, for the purpose of allowing the scoops sufficient time to fill and empty 

 with water. From what has already been slated, it will be clearly under- 

 stood that during every stroke of the engine one end of each of these scoops 

 will be lowered for the purpose of filling «ilh water, »hich as the scoop is 

 raised or turned upon its axis flows out at the opposite end of the scoop, and 

 over the embankment into a trough or canal to be conveyed to the place 

 desired, 



This invention, therefore, consists in the application of two or more scoops 

 working alternately, in combination with a double acting engine working 

 expansively and provided with counterbalance weights in the manner above 

 described, together with the application of the hydrostatic catches or cata- 

 racts for preventing the recoil of the piston immediately upon its terminating 

 the itroke. 



ALLOYS OF METALS. 

 James Fenton, of Manchester, engineer, for " ati Tmptoved combination or 

 alloy or improved combinations or aUotjs of metals, appl'cafile to i>arioits purposes 

 for uihich brass and copper are usually employed in the construction of viacltinery.^' 

 —Granted May 30 ; Enrolled November 30, 1844. 



The improved combinatinns or alloys of metals are intended to be used in 

 the construction of machinery in general in those places and situations where 

 brass and copi>er are usually employed, and is designed as asubstitute for such 

 metal in consequence of not being liable to beat and other destruclive results 

 caused by friction and ordinary wear and tear, also by greatly decreasing the 

 C9nsumption of oil or grease, and being of much lighter weight in the same 

 bulk of mel.al. All these advantages will be sulliciently evident to the prac- 

 tical engineer and mechanic, as well as the great variety of purposes for 

 which this impruvicl c(jmbination or alloy of metals may be employed in the 

 construction of machinery, such as steps, bearings, pedestals, journals, bushes, 

 a.xle boxes, connecting rod ends, cocks, taps, (Sic, and also as a substitute for 

 the more elementary parts of machinery, (fornjcrly made of brass or copper,) 

 such as rollers for calico and other printers, bowls, &c. 



The inventor describes the manner of carrying the same into practical 

 eftect in the manner following. 



Firstly, take 32 parts of copper, l.'i parts of block tin, and one part of 

 sheet brass, and mix or combine them in the following manner— fuse or melt 

 the copper in a crucible or other si\it:ible vessel or furnace, add to it the sheet 

 tirass and afterwards the block tin. then pour oil the alloy in mgots. This 

 alloy forms what the inventor calls " linrdeuing metal." He claims this nove 

 and peculiar use of these metals to form his "hardening metal," but the 

 quantities may be varieil to give the alloy any required degree of hardness, or 

 various other metals may be added in small quantities tcj efi'ect the same 

 purpose, but he likewise claims the u.se of these in connection « ith copper 

 and block tin. 



The above constitutes the first p.irt of the process he emjiloys in the manu- 

 facture of his ultimate alloys. 



Secondly, take two parts of the hardening metal previously described, 19 

 parts of zinc or speller (or so many parts of calamine as shall be equal to the 

 said zinc or spelter,) and 3 parts of block tin, and mix or combine these m 

 the following manner— fuse or melt the zinc, spelter, or calamine in a crucible 

 or other suitable vessel or fuinaee, which must be sulliciently large to con- 

 tain along with the zinc or speller the hardening metal lueviuusly described, 

 and the block tin last specified. The hardening metal may be fused or melted 

 in a separate crucible or other suitable vessel or furnace and then mixed or 

 combined with the zinc, spelter, or calamine, the alloy must be well stirred 

 with a suitable implement, in order to render the combination of these two 

 metals or semi -metals as complete as possible, then add the block tin in order 

 to give the ultimate alloy or alloys the requisite degree of ductility or tough- 

 ness, the whole must again be well slirred with a suitable implement in order 

 tu render llie combination of this the ultimate alloy or alloys as complete as 

 possible. It may then be east or emjiloyed in the u-ual manner in the various 

 forms required for the construction of machinery. While the zinc or spelter 

 is Ijeing fused or melted the surface of it should be well covered wilh a coat- 

 ing of powdered charcoal, in order to prevent the volatilty of llie semi-metal. 



The inventor claims the use of these metals and seml-metals above de- 

 scribed to form his ultimate alloy or alloys, but the proportions may be varied 

 to suit particular cases, and a variety of other metals may be added in small 

 quantities, the use of which he also claims, though not alisolulely necessary 

 to form his ultimate alloy or alloys. He further claims the use of the semi- 

 metal zinc, spelter, or calamine, as the basis of his ultimate alloy or alloys, 

 and although he has found the manner of combination above descrilx-d the 

 most effective in preparing the alloy or alloys, which he substitutes for brass 

 and copper in the construction of machinery, he claims the use of the .said 

 alloy or alloys although combined in any other manner or proportions, what- 

 ever such combination or alloy, being made either in the exact proportions 

 herein set forth, or in any other within such limits as are substantially the 

 same and will produce a like result. 



COATING OF IRON WITH TIN, &C. 



Edmund Morewood, of Tliornbridge, in the county of Derby, merchant, 

 and George Rodgers, of Stearndale, in the same county, gentleman, for " Im- 

 provemeiits in coating iron wilh other me^n/s."— Granted June 8; Enrolled Dec. 

 7, 1844. 



The first part of these improvements relates to a mode of coating articles 

 of cast iron with tin or other metal. This part of the invention is confined 

 to the combined process of casting iron in metal moulds ami then coating 

 such articles with molten metal, the process being conducted by first cleans- 

 ing the surfaces in the ordinary manner, and then coating them in a manner 

 hereinafter to be described. 



The second improvement relates to a mode of treating articles of iron before 

 submitting them to the melted metal to be coated. In carrying out this part 

 of the invention, the patentees provide an iron box or trough, about 7 ft. long 

 and of sufficient width to contain the plates of metal to be coaled; this box 

 is provided with a number of ribs or bars so as to prevent the plates from 

 touching one another; in the bottom of this box is placed sal ammoniac to 

 the depth of 3 or 4 inches, a fire is then lighted under the box. the heat of 

 u hich causes the sal ammoniac to give off vapour to such a degree as to ex- 

 clude all atmospheric air ; after this process the sheels or articles of iron may 

 be immersed in melted metal for the purpose of coaling them in any conve- 

 nient manner. 



The third part relates to a mode of treating tin which has become injured 

 in the process of tinning. In coating iron with tin by the ordiniry process 

 there is considerable w.aste owing to its passing tlirough the oil or tallow em- 

 ployed in the tin bath ; this part of the invention, therefore, consists in sub- 

 mitting ihe waste or spoiled tin to a red heat, and then allowing it to cool 

 after which it is to be placed in an earthenware vessel and covered with mu- 

 riatic acid of commerce, which in an ordinary temperature must remain about 

 two days, at which time the acid will have become sulficiently neutralized, 

 and may then be drawn ofl' ; by this means the inventors obtain chloride of 

 tin which they employ in the process of tinning metal. 



The fourth improvement relates to a mode of coating sheets of iron with 

 lead, or alloys of lead and tin, the latter being in the proportion of (not ex- 



