54 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT'S JOURNAL. 



[Fkbruaryj 



a slip bottom, the wall or other siruclurc is built. The constriiclion of the 

 slip bottom may vary according to the nature of Ihc structure and of the site 

 u\ion which it is to be placed. This structure leinf; ciimplete tlie vessel is 

 floatc I out to the spot at which the wall is to be deposited ; Ihc surface of 

 the gruLind upon wlrch the structure is to rest having been carefully levelled 

 and prepared in the usual manner so as to correspond vvith the slip bottom 

 upon wliich the structure has been built, the float is brought over the site 

 and sunk by admitting the water into the compartments of floatation, or 

 into such of the compartments employed for giving buoyancy to and sustain- 

 ing the load as may Ijc necessary. The float having been sunk into the re- 

 quired position, so as to place the bottom sustaining the wall or otherstruc- 

 ture upon the prepared sile, the chains or other means by which the slip bot- 

 tom was retained in its place during the building of the wall or other struc- 

 ture being released, the wall is left deposited on its permanent foundation and 

 the float rises irav.ediately to the surface. The vessel or float just dcscrilied 

 may be constructed with rounded ends, and finished, both as regards the ex- 

 terior and interior of the compartments of floatation, according to the mjst 

 improved method of ship buildii-g. The nature of this p:irt of the invention 

 is farther explained by the engravings in Plate 4. 



Fig. 1 shows a transverse tection of the vessel or float, with a set of wall 

 built in it, also the plan of attaching the chains to the transverse beams and 

 screw bolts for the slip bottom beam ends, which are all to be detached as 

 soon as the vessel is settled and the wall set on its foundation ; the vessel 

 being then relieved is ready to be employed again for a similar purpose. Fig. 

 5 shows the deck or surface of the vessel, fig. 1, for carrying out a wall to be 

 founded in water, or on sand where the water dries. Fig. 2 shous a 

 transverse section of both walls, finished with beams, chains and heart- 

 ing inserted. A higher parapet may be built at pleasure. Fig. G shows 

 one of the vessels hauled stern on to the end of a portion of the wall 

 formerly built, and is moored with seven chains and anchors, and in the 

 act of depositing another length of the wall. The chasms m the bottom of 

 the river are first made level by depositing rubble. Fig. 3 is a transverse 

 section of a vessel, having the compartments for buoying out both walls as 

 ttprespnted, and leaving cross beams of two feet at botti.m, by which means 

 two feet of masonry is allowed to rest on the foundation, and then a beam 

 which runs several feet on each side, into which screw bolts are screwed into 

 the outside vessels to keep them together as well as the chains to the top 

 beams until the vessel has made the foundation, when all is scutlletl and de- 

 tached, and the outside relieved and hauled off; the longitudinal beams and 

 cross beams are all boiled and chained togetlier. which makes it to a certain 

 extent as one solid rock, and calculated to resist the most ex|iosed situations 

 or heaviest sea. Fig. 4 is a transverse section of the above, finished oflf and 

 hearted in with the extra batter above low water; when the action of the sea 

 is more powerful than below, the parapet may be made any necessary height 

 and more Latter to the sea wall if required. 



Another part of the invention consists in the application of a vessel con- 

 structed in ctmpartments as already described to cleansing harbours. It is 

 evident that a large quantity of water may be transferred to the place at 

 which its scouring eflects are required, and confined until low water and the 

 slip bottom being let go ihe water may be suddenly discharged so as to pro- 

 duce an excellent scourer for cleansing the harbour. 



Another part of the invention consists in certain .arrangements for driving 

 the piles occasionally required in constructing buildings in water or light- 

 houses liU sand banks. 



Another jiart of the invention consists in the application of the float or 

 vessel above described to raising sunken ships or barges. Tlie float (similar 

 to fig- Gj, is brought immediately over the ship or barge to be raised, so that the 

 masts may come up through the centre eom[iartmcnt of the float, the ship's 

 bottom being altogether sea over, where chains are placed about the sunken 

 ship and made fast to the float. 



The Patentee dees not claim the exclusive use of any of the several parts 

 or arrangements described, except when they are employed lor the purpose 

 of his invention which he declares to consist in the application of the arrange- 

 ments before described for the purpose of .constructing buildin-s in water, 

 cleansing harbours and raising sunken vessels. 



CONNECTING CRANK, 



Elijah Galloway, of Nelson Square, Blackfriars's Road, in the county of 

 Surrey, for " Machinenj for ronneclhig axes or shafts, loherehy when in motion 

 they revolve at tVfferent wfcci/iis.''— Granted June 12 ; Knrolled Dec. 9, 1E44. 



Tills machinery or apparatus for connecting two shafis so as to cause the 

 same to revolve at difl'erent velocities is illustrated scmeHhat in the following 

 manner. Let a. b, fig. 1 represent the pitch-line of two wlieeis. the wheel a 

 being twice the diameter of the wheel b; then for every revolution of the 

 M-hee! a the wheel b will make two revolutions, and if a tracing point be at- 

 tached at // it will describe the straight line a a' upon the face of the larger 

 wheel, and if another traing point be attached at the opposite side of the 



small wheel b such points will describe straight lines at right angles to one 

 another during the revolution of such wheels. 



Fig. 1. Fig. 3. 



In fig. 2 is sliown an elevation of the arrangement of levers for connecting 

 two shafts together so that they may revolve at different velocities. Fig. 3 is 

 a plan of one of the shafts which is provided with a crank forming a portion 

 of the apparatus. In fig. 2 a is a crank, fixed upon the end of a shaft b, sup- 

 ported by suitable bearings ; c is the crank pin which supports the triangular 

 arm d, through each end of which there are pins e e, in the same plane with 

 the aforesaid shaft, these pins support two connecting rods /, /,', the lower 

 end of the connecting rod /being attached to the crank / shewn in the plan, 

 the lower end of the connecting rod g being attached to the crank pin e' of 

 the plan ; 6 is a pin fixed into the end of the shaft which carries one end of 

 the connecting link i, the opposite end being attached to the centre or mid- 

 dle of the connecting rod e by the pin _; ; k is the a.xis of the shaft which is 

 to receive motion from the shaft b, or vice versa ; consequently, if ^ be double 

 the length of the connecting link i the point g' will describe a straight line 1 1, 

 and if we suppose g to be attached at its lower end to the crank pin g', and 

 also the rod/to the crank pin/', and that the axes b and h revolve in suitable 

 bearings, h- will make Iw-o revolutions whilst b makes one revolution. 



There are other modifications of the above apparatus shown, for which the 

 inventor claims machinery described for connecting axes or shafts to revolve 

 in connection at difl'erent velocities. 



l.MPROVEMENTS IN IRON, 



Thomas Lever Rushton, of Bolton-Ie-Moors, Lancaster, iron manufac- 

 turer, for " certain Improvements in the manufacture ff iron,'* — Granted June 

 21 ; Enrolled December 21, 1844. 



The inventim consists of improvements in the manufacture of malleable 

 iron in reverberatory furnaces, and the manner in which the same are to be 

 carried into efiect is fully described and ascertained in the following state- 

 ment. 



In the manufacture of malleable iron from pig or refined iron it has long 

 been the custom to throw hammer slack, roll scale, red oie, calcined iron 

 stone, or other suitable maierial, consisting principally of oxide of iron, into 

 the puddling furnace for the purpo.sc of profecling the sides and botiom 

 thereof, and with a view to feed or add to the weight of the product, owing 

 to the decomposition of their oxygen by the carbon contained in the pig 

 iron. The additional yield has however hitherto been only partially efiected 

 owitgtothe small quantity of carbon contained in the pig iron generally 

 used for the purpose. The patentee's improvement in this respect consiits in 

 mixing the hammer slack, roll scale, red ore, calcined iron stone, or other 

 oxide in a finely pulverized state, with a proportion of finely pulverized char- 

 coal, coke, or other suitable carbonaceous matter, (which should be as free 

 as possible from sulphur^ ^and introducing ihe mixture into the iuinace 

 before, or along with, or immediately after the chai-ge of pig or refined iron. 



