1845.] 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT'S JOURNAL. 



147 



being two kinds of abbeys, those last described having the small tower 

 peculiarly placed, and which apparently are ailditions in many in. 

 stancpi, and those of a largi'r kind, as Casliel, Boyle, &c., befon; 

 described, in which the central tower is carried on large arches at the 

 intersection of the nave and transepts, and similar to tlie English and 

 large continental cathedrals." F. 113. 



The next section to that from which the above extracts are taken 

 treats of the domestic anil castellated architecture. We make no 

 scruple in increasing the number of extracts, as a work like tlie pre- 

 sent alTords little materials for observations by the reviewer, who acts 

 most fairly both to the author and the public by giving specimens of 

 the work itself. 



" After the invasion of Henry 11., the Anglo-Norman chiefs ex- 

 tended themselves through a great portion of the country, and castel- 

 lated edifices became extensively prevalent, and in many parts of very 

 uniform character; square in plan, and of several stories or floors in 

 height with narrow windows, and the best apartments placed in the 

 upper part of the building, in the windows of which the best portions 

 of the architecture were displayed. 



"The buildings of this description, of which the accompanying 

 woodcut (Kig. "J) is a fair illustration, are intermediate between tli^- 



mansions erected in the later days of the Tudors, and the more fortress- 

 like structures exempli6ed in the large early castles evidentiv in- 

 tended for the reception of a numerous but less powerful class than 

 the retainers of the great barons. In the advancing improvement of 

 their age, buildings of this kind began to present the lightness and 

 comfort of later domestic apartments, combined with a due regard to 

 security ; and this end is admirably accomplished by obtaining the 



increosed internal accommodation by adding to the height of the 

 building, so as to present u small area only for defence. 



"Buildings of (his class are very nuuerous; many of them being 

 frequently seen at a view from the sam; point of sight, and particu- 

 larly amid the best lands of the southern ])ortion of Ireland. 



"Another illustration of a castellatfJ structure, not inicommon, is 

 here given (Fig. lOJ. The building, of which thi^ is a drawing, com- 

 mands the pass of a river, alViirding to the occupiers the power of 

 exacting toll. The great height and cc inparatively small area of the 

 base display a structure well adapted for the object of its erection, 

 r. 118. 



p"^* 



"The Kildare round tower 

 h.»3 a circular-headed door of 

 p-culiar design, rather above 

 tlf usual height from the 

 giound. See section and plan 

 ul door, figs. 11 and 12, 



H ^ 



Figs, 11 and 12.— Doorway. 



"Figs. 13 is a doorway from 

 the tower at Monasterboice, 

 county Louth, it is about 

 live feet above the surface, 

 — a band Hi in. wide runs 

 round it, and a 4i in. sunk face, 

 5 in. deep, being carried par- 

 tially round, — the door is 2 ft. 

 3 in. wide at the base outside, 

 and 2 ft. inside, — 1 ft. 11 in. at 

 springing, and 4 ft. G in. high 

 to springing, and is semi-cir- 

 cular headed ; the other open- 

 ings are angle-headed. 



Fig. 13. — Doorway, 



" No portions of a build ing'more conspicuously show the simplicity 

 of means for producing a sound construction, and appropriate and pic- 

 turesque effect, than the chimney shafts 

 on the roofs of many old structures. 

 The accompanying woodcut (Fig. 14) 

 represents a plain old chimney shaft, 

 which is a type of those common to the 

 ancient buildings; and though exposed 

 to the violence of many a storm, and 

 frequently occupying the exposed gable 

 point of some dismantled roof, they are 

 yet sound and enduring. They are fre- 

 quently constructed of the commonest 

 rubble stones, roughly squared to form 

 the angles. In several buildings the out- 

 line is much more varied, and often very 

 picturesque, but yet the same simple 

 construction prevails ; and occasionally they are built with carefully 

 dressed masonry, according to the circumstances of the locality. 



" The chimney shafts of ancient edilices generally present a great 

 contrast with those of the present day. In most of the ordinary build- 

 ings of the Tudor or Elizabethan style, where something beyond the 

 usual meagre-built shaft is required, some approved book-form is 

 imitated, — a model from some English building, excellent in itself and 

 suitable to the building to whitli it belongs, yet not necessarily so to 

 all structures; and so established is this false system, and so little is 

 the locality considered, or the principles of design rightly pursued, 

 that the cemept-makers find it a profitable trade to have such appro vei.l 



Fig. 14.— Chiiniiey Shaft. 



