172 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT'S JOURNAL. 



[JUWK, 



PRESSURE AND GENERATION OF STEAM. 

 David Adld, Engineer, of Dalmarncck-road, ami A^DRI•■,w Adi.d, of West- 

 street, TaJeston of Glasgow, for " an imi'roved method of regulathi/; the pressure 

 find generation of steam in steam boilers and generators,'^ — Granted Nov. 9, 1844; 

 Enrolled May 9, 1845. {See Engraving. Plate XVI.) 



This invention consists in a mode or modes of regulating the admission of 

 water into .steam boilers and generators, and the application of heat to gene- 

 rating steam in such boilers so as to prevent the unnecessary or excessive 

 generation of steam, and thereby to diminish the expense of fuel. 



In tlie annexed drawing we have given one mode by wliich the patentees 

 propose to effect the above object, the following being a description of the 

 lame : — Let a represent the boiler of a marine engine, and h the average Ifvel 

 of the water line, on the top of the boiler there is a valve chest c having a 

 weighted valve d. from the valve chest c there is a pipe e e leading to a water 

 tank/. Supposing the steam in the boiler a to be raised above the average 

 pressure the weighted valve d will be lifted, and steam will escape through 

 the pipe e r into the tank/, and will be partially condensed ; but as the water 

 in the tank / becomes heated a pressure \ ill be exerted upun the surface 

 thereof which will have the cfTect of forcing the water up the pipe g, and will 

 thereby raise the float h and cause the damper f to be closed or partially so. 

 Another effect produced will be that as the water rises in the pipe g it will 

 flow into the box k and cause the float h to open the cock m' in the pipe m m, 

 thereby forming a communication with the boiler a and and a water tank n, 

 which water in the aforesaid tank w ill by means of the pump o (« hich is con- 

 stantly at work) be forced into the boiler so long as the steam remains in ex- 

 cess or in other words, above the required pressure ; but as the steam in the 

 boiler becomes absorbed by the introduction of cold water from the tank n 

 the weighted valve d will be closed and the pressure of steam shut ofl' from 

 the tank f, the water in the pipe g will descend, and with it the float b, whicli 

 will close the cock m, and shut ofT the communication between the tank n 

 and the boiler, as will be clearly understood. In case of the water in the 

 boi!er becoming low, and the pressure of steam insuflicient to open the cockm 

 as described, the inventors propose to apply a force pump in the ordinary 

 way. They also describe a mode whereby the pump o may be applied to such 

 purpose. The specification shows other modifications of the apparatus above 

 described, in one of which it is stated that the cock m may be opened by 

 having a projection upon the damper chain in place of the float ;. 



OVENS AND KILNS. 



Robert Heath, of Kidsgrove, in the parish of Woolslanton, Stafford, coal 



agent, for " improvements in heating overis and kilns used in the manufacture of 



china, bricks, tiles, and other articles of earthenuiare."— Granted December 12, 



1844; Enrolled May 12, 1845. 



Fig 2. Fig 1 



Fig. 1 represents a vertical section, and fig. 2 a horizontal section taken 

 just above the fire bars of this imjirovcd oven or kiln, the novelty of which 

 is stated to consist first in making the lower part of the exterior wall to bat- 

 ter or incline outwards as shown in the accompanying figure at a a, so as to 

 allow the inner " dwarf" wall b b to form an open flue e e all round the in- 

 terior of the kiln, thereby increasing its capacity, at the same time afi'ording 

 means of constructing projections// from the outside wall, which projections 

 support the bungs or tiers of saggers g g more steady than in kilns of the 

 ordinary construction, thereby avoiding considerable loss from breakage. 



The second part of these improvements is stated to consist in so construct- 

 ing the fire places that the oven is heated at the bottom, and in placing the 

 fire places inside the exterior walls, and below the bottom of the oven or kiln, 

 by which arrangement a considerable saving of fuel is said to be effected ; it 



will be observed that each of the fire places has a flue i leading from the back 

 part thereof, underneath the bottom of the oven to the centre flue, which is 

 common to all, as in ovens of the ordinary construction ; k k are the fire 

 bars, and / / the fire places which are supplied with fuel through an opening 

 m m, g g are the saggers containing the articles intended to be fired ; the 

 kiln is provided with an opening (nut show n in the drawing} to admit the 

 workmen, which opening is built up during the process of firing. 



SLATED ROOFS. 



William North, of Stangate, .Surrey, slater, for " certain improvements in 

 covering roo.fs and flats with iia(e."— Granted November 14, 1844; Enrolled 

 May 14, 1845. {With Engraviiigs, Plate XVI.) 



This invention consists in a mode of using battens of w ood in combination 

 with slate covers for roofs and flats in such manner that the slates or cover- 

 ings of buildings are not fixed to the rafters or joists, but to the aforesaid 

 battens as will be hereafter described, by which arrangement the inventor 

 states that the joints of the slates or coverings will not be so liable to be- 

 come defective by the vibration or warping of such covered roofs. The fol- 

 lowing is a description, reference being made to the engraving, similar letters 

 referring to corresponding parts. Fig. 1 shows a plan view of a roof con- 

 structed according to this invention ; fig. 2 is an underside view, and fig. 3 a 

 section taken through the roof or flat in a direction parallel with the joists 

 or rafters, which are marked with the letters a a\ b b are the slates or cover- 

 ings for the roof; c c are battens which fit into recesses cut in the edge of 

 the joists, as will be seen on referring to fig. Z\ d d are short latlis or battens, 

 the position of which with regard to the roof depends entirely upon the size 

 of the coverings employed, as it will be observed that the edges of the slates, 

 and consequently the joints are opposite or above the respective battens e 

 and d, and are secured thereto by means of screws e e e, independent of the 

 joists or rafters. It will also be observed on looking at fig. 3, that the edges 

 of the slates on the underside are chamfered or cut off' so as to allow of the 

 joints or edges of the slates to Le better imbedded in putty. 



PREVENTION OF INCRUSTATION IN BOILERS. 

 Francis Watteen, of Finsbury-aquare, in the city of London, merchant 

 for "certain Improvements irt preventing Incrustation round Steam Boilers and 

 Steam Generators.^' — Granted Nov. 16 ,1844; Enrolled May 16,1845. 



The object of this invention is to prevent incrustation in steam boilers and 

 generators by introducing therein certain compounds or chemical mixtures 

 the proportion and ingredients of which vary according to the nature or pro- 

 perties ot the water employed in feeding the boiler. The mode by which the 

 inventor proposes to eflect this object is as follows : — The several compounds 

 mentioned in the specification being denominated Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4, and are 

 each intended for" 10-horse boilers. No. 1 compound for a 10-horse boiler 

 supplied with water containing sulphate of lime, consists of 41b. of crystals 

 of soda, 4 lb. of catechu, 2 lb. of dextrine, 1 ib. of American potashes, 1 lb. of 

 beet-root sugar, 1 lb. of alum, and 1 lb. of gum Arabic. No. 2 compound is 

 for water containing sulphate of lime, and consists of 2 lb. of dextrine, 41b. 

 of turmeric, 41b. of bi-carbonate of soda, 1 lb. of American potash, 1 lb. of 

 molasses, and 1 lb. of alum. No. 3 compound is for ferruginous water, and 

 consists of 41b. of gambia, 41b. of salt of soda, 21b. of dextrine, 1 lb. of 

 Russian potash, 1 lb. of sugar, 1 lb. of alum, and 1 lb. of gum arable. No. 4 

 compound is for sea water, and consists of 41b. of catechu, 41b. of sulphate 

 of soda, 4 lb. of dextrine, and lib. of gum Arabic. These substances must be 

 mixed with about 2 quarts of water, and supplied to the boiler about once 

 every month, or oftener as they may be required, which will depend entirely 

 upon circumstances, and may be found in practice. The quantity of the 

 above ingredients must be increased one-fourth lor every additional ten horse 

 power. For steam-boat boilers of 30-horse power, supplied with river water, 

 the following ingredients must be employed, and renewed with every fresh 

 supply of viater : — 61b. of crystals of soda, 61b. of dextrine, 2 Ib, of alum, 

 1 lb. of pearlash, and 21b. of sugar ; and tor the same size boiler supplied 

 with sea water — 8 lb. of carbonate of soda, 81b. of dextrine, 1 lb. of alum 

 lib. of Russian potash, and 41b. of sugar, to be renewed with every fresh 

 supply of water; and for the same power of locomotive boiler the inventor 

 proposes to use 6 lb. of crystals of soda, 1 lb. of dextrine, 1 lb. of alum, and 

 21b, of sugar. In conclusion the patentee slates that he does not confine 

 himself to the precise quantities as the same may be varied. 



WooLWX'H, May 12.— Some new experiments were made with three 56- 

 pounder guns on Lieutenant-Colonel Dundas's principle, and three 56-pounder guns on 

 Mr. Monk's principle, at 1,1110 yards range. The firing was e-ncellent, the objects aimed 

 at being six targets 12 feet square, each placet^ In a line making a targ- 1 72 feet by 12, and 

 a great number of the shots tired went through it. The whole of the shot went so close 

 that a ship-of-war would have been struck in every instance. The three tJrst roun a from 

 each of the six guns were tired at an elevation of 1 deg. SO sec, and the two las' rounds 

 at an elevation of 1 deg. 45 sec. The following is the average recoil of the carriages on 

 the traversing platforms during the experiments to-day: — Lieutenant-Colonel Dundas's 

 first rouudC feet 7 inches, second round ti feet 5 inches, third round 6 feet li inches, fourth 

 round 6 feet 6 inches, fifth round 6 feet 7 inches. Wr. Alunk's first round 7 leet 3 Inches* 

 second round 7 feet 3 inches, tliird reuad 7 feet 4 lucbWi fourlb round 7 fe«t 6 Indies, 

 fiftb round 7 feet 4 Inches. 



