1S45.] 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT'S JOURNAL. 



293 



St. John's Cluircli at Longsigiit is buililiiig from designs and under 

 direction of Mr. Guecan. It will be in tlie early English style, with- 

 out much ininule ornament. A square tower, strengthened by missive 

 buttresses, and siirmonnted l)y an octagonal spire wilh ornamental 

 lights, is situated at the sonlli-west corner of the build hig, wilin the 

 square line of plan. The windows in side aisles, clerestory, and sides 

 of cliancel, are generally double lancet headed, with some single tre- 

 foil headed. At llie east end are three windows, lancet-headed, 

 the centre one the longest, having a continuous label over all. There 

 will bean elegant south porcli, and a font to the right on entering 

 the church. The chancel will be spacious, and will li.ive sidilia, &c.; 

 tlip pulpit and reading desk will be situated on each side of the chan- 

 cel arch. 



Another church, dedicated to St. Simon, situated in Springfield- 

 lane, Salford, is progressing rapidly. It is being erected from the 

 designs, and under tlie superintendence of Mr. R. Lane, architect, 

 whose object seems to have been, the designing of an edifice, which 

 shall be in conformity with ancient principles of architecture, and yet 

 be within ihe limits of outlay to which he was confined. The style 

 is that of the period of the transition from Eirlv English to Decorated, 

 to which date belong some of the most beautiful of our ecclesi istical 

 erections. The principal feature of the design will be a tower of 

 massive construction, with octagonal spire, rising to the height of loO 

 feet. The chancel will be groined, and will have three windows 

 towards the east. At the ends of the transepts will be three-lighted 

 windows, with qnatrefoil tracery. The body of the church will have 

 two-lighted equilateral-arched trefoil win(iows in the aisles, and 

 cusped windows in the clerestory; and there will be a three-lightetl 

 window over the western door. The font will be placed as directed 

 by the canon, near the south porch, and there will be no pews. 



Mr. Lane is also the architect of the independent chapel which 

 is building at a little distance from the church just mentioned. It is 

 in the decorated English style. The principal front will have a rich 

 window of flowing tracery, with a croketted head moulding over it, 

 and beneath the window will be the entrance doorway, which will be 

 approached by a flight of steps. This front will be divided by cano- 

 pied buttresses, surmounted by carved and crocketted pinicies, ii:to 

 three compartments. The construction of the principal supports of 

 the roof are cast iron is peculiar to this buhding. At the usu d 

 distance of the principals of a roof, iron columns will be built in the 

 side walls, from the top of which will spring large iron segments, 

 firmly bolted together, in the form of a Gothic arch. By the adop- 

 tion of this plan, he.ivy timbering is dispensed with, and the height to 

 peak of roof is available. Time will not permit me to notice other 

 buildings at present, so I conclude, subscribing myself, 



Yours most trulv, 



A. B. 



OX THE MOTION OF LOCOMOTIVE EKGIXES. 

 :IR, — Suppose the annexed represents the lines of a piston rod, 

 connecting rod, and crank of a locomotive 

 engine, if the steam were acting on the pis- 

 ton a, in the direction b a, we know from 

 experience the wheel turns in the direction 

 c d, and the engine proceeds in the direction 

 a b. Considering, however, the rail as a 

 fulcrum, and b c as a lever, it is well known 

 any force acting at e in Ihe direction 6 a 

 would cause the lever to turn on the fulcrum 

 '' c, and move the extremity i towards a, just 



the reverse of the fact in the case of a loco- 

 motive. How is this? The steam acting on the piston a causes an 

 equal reaction on the cylinder cover, which transferred along the body 

 of the engine acts on the centre of the wheel b, and having a greater 

 leverage than the direct pull of the piston, the one acting at e and 

 the other at i, causes the wheel to turn on c, moving the centre in the 

 direction from a to A, thus the motion of a locomotive, which at first 

 sight seems contrary to known law, is very easily reconciled to them. 

 If the crank be vertically above the centre b, the steam acting on the 

 piston in the direction i a, tlie direct pull of the piston is thin the 

 preponderating cause of motion, its leverage from the fulcrum c being 

 greater than the leverage of tlie reaction. Thus, in certain positions 

 of the crank in its revolution, the engine is propelled by the prepon- 

 derating effect of the reaction over the direct influence of the piston, 

 while in other positions the direct elTect of the piston urges the engiiie 

 forward. I shall not now further trespass on your valuable space, but if 



you are willing at some future period I may point out the practical 

 consequences of a right view of these facts. 



I remain. Sir, your obedient servant, 

 J. G. S. 

 *«* Our correspondent does not seem to state the action of a loco- 

 motive engine quite correctly. It is clear that the action of the steam 

 is to turn the crank (and ther'-fore the driving-wheel) constantly in 

 one direction. The i ngine gives motion to the train by means of the 

 friction of this wlieel and the rail ; for it is clear that if the rail were 

 ijiiile smooth the train would not be moved. The friction of the wheel 

 and rail arises from minute protuberances or serrations on their sur- 

 faces, and the action is therefore an dogous to that of the cogs of the 

 rack and jJinion. The rail corresponds to the rack, and the reaction 

 I'xeited by its serrations or cogs is always in the forward direction. — 

 Ed. 



THE ACCIDENTS ON THE EASTERN COUNTIES' 

 RAILWAY. 



(From the Railieay Rccortl.J 



.' 

 \ 



i U 



A R, Great Western rail. 



(J D, Kaslcrn Counties' rail. 



a h. (lange suited for Great Wustcrn rail. 



c d, flange used for Eastern Counlifs. 



We call attention to the explanations given by Jfr. Bidder, at tlie 

 meeting of the Norfolk Railway Company yesterday, as to the cause 

 of the late accidents on the Eastern Counties' line.* These explana- 

 tions, and the statement made by Mr. Peto, appear to set the question 

 at rest. 



The engines referred to were made by Messrs. Slaughter and Stod- 

 hert of Bristol. The following rough sketch (not to scale) will show 

 the diflferenee between the rails of the Great Western and Eastern 

 Counties' lines. 



The dark lines represent Messrs. Slaughter and Stodliert's wheel 

 and the Great Western rails, and the dotted lines exhibit the Eastern 

 Counties' pattern. Now if any joint were "out," even a quarter of 

 an inch, it would mount, and cutting the rails, like shears, the engine 

 would run off; whereas the bevelled flange instead of mounting and 

 cutting, would ^«8S against the side, and the engine would pass in 

 perfect sefety. 



As stated at the meeting, the engines have been taken off the line» 

 and we understand that the makers will substitute other wheels at 

 their own cost. 



BUILDINGS IN EDINBURGH. 



Sm, — I notice in the August number of your excellent Journal, page 

 ■2oS, a short account of the new buildings lately finished or at present 

 building here, but you complain that the architects' names are not given- 

 by the newspaper from which you have extracted the notice. 



I beg to supply that deficiency with regard to most of them. 



1. Sir fValler Scott's Monumtnt was designed by th" late lamented 

 Mr. C. M. Kemp, who was accidentally drowned during the erection 

 of the monument. 



* Iliipiioars that two engines n-ere Ijuilt wilh llie flanges of their wheels of a shape 

 siilteil 10 tilt Great Western rails, whereas un altogether tlill'ercnt form is reqnii-eJ for the 

 EasteiD Counties' Railway. 



33 



