1845.! 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND AllCHlTECT'S JOURNAL 



319 



Bixton linp -.it -l per cpnt., and p irlicipation of prufils up lo G per 

 cent., and llu" o;iliun of piirrliase. 



S. JsttwcaHlk and Durliuslon f23 miles in Ifnglli) originally called 

 the Northern Union, opened ISlll Jnne, 1S14, the Conipuny have 

 bought llie Diirh am Junction for£SS,5U0, as also the lirandling Junc- 

 tion, for £55 per shire, and purpuse to lease the Northern Counties 

 and Berwick line at 5 per cent., with which lini- is anialgalcd ihe late 

 Norlli Shields line. 'IMie line was leased at f) per cent., <in a capital 

 of ilSUO.OUU. The amount of £3(>,(»0 ) was contrihuted as follow ; 

 Great North of Engl .nd, £SU)0; West North of England, A'SUOO ; 

 North Midland, £.iUUO; Middle Ciamlii-s, £3000; Manchester and 

 Deeds, £3000; lirandley Junction, £750; Durham Junction, 750; 

 Newcastle and Carli^le, 500; these were found to be too many in- 

 terests, and the guarantee was abandoned. 



Niwcuslle aiicl Carlisle (til miles ti7 chains) opened June 18th, 

 1830. 



Maryport and Carlisle (28 miles 3 chains) oiiened January, 

 1845. Share capital, 207,940. Loans, 99,000. 



Prtslon and Wipe (19 rniles GO chains) opened 20th Jnlv, 1840. 

 Sliarec.pitil,£:!0 1,01)0. Uians, £100,000. 



Loiiduii and liirmniglium (112 miles 10 chains) opened Sep- 

 tember, 1S3S. Leaniington and Warwick branch (0 miles) opened 

 December, 1844; and the Northampton and Peterborouj^h branch, 

 opened 1845, 44 miles lone;. The Aylesbury line, 7 miles long, leased 

 for 7 years, from June, 1844, at a rent of £2000. The West London 

 (54 miles) was transferred for £oO,000, on lease fur 930 years, at a 

 rent of a qn.irti-r of the grc.ss proceeds ; in three years hence, it is 

 proposed to amalgamate with the Birmingham and Manchester, and to 

 rent the proposed Trent Valley line, sh.iring the smie divid-nd .is the 

 parent line. There is subscribed to the Chester and Holyhead a million. 

 The Manchester and Birmingham have 3889 shares, of £20 each, in 

 llie proposed Trent Valley. 



Stockton and Hartttfuol fSi miles long) made without an act, the 

 Company have leased the Clarence line (30 miles long) for21ye.irs, 

 lit percent., on the gross receipts for the 7 years, at 70 per cent. ; 

 less Ihe coal haulage, fur the fourth and snbsrquent years. The West 

 Durham line (54 niilis long) to Crook and Billey row, joins the Byei's 

 Green branch of tl e Clarence. The Clarence is the only line that as 

 yet has been offered to public coni;ietition by the hammer. The 

 Clarence line is also joined by the Durham and Sunderland (IG miles 

 long). The other isul.ited line of the company of Durham are the 

 Hartlepool Railway and Duck (15 miles), and tiie Pontop and Soutll 

 Shields, about the same length. 



Stockton and Darlington (54 miles long) opened September, 

 1825, and the parent of public railways. The Black Branch is joined 

 by the Bishop Auckland and Weardaje Railway, aline 84 miles long. 



GlaxjiOiv, Paisley, Kilmarnock, and ^yre (40 miles long) opened 

 through 12th August, 1840, the Comiiany have an act fur a line to Cum- 

 nock, and leased in perpetuity the Kilmarnock and Troon Railway, 

 and also, when made, of the Glasgow and Belfast Union, at 4 per 

 cent., anil an equal division of profit, under deduction of 33j fur 

 working expenses. Advantage is anticipated by the intended con- 

 struction of the British and Irish Union Railway, from Portpatrick to 

 Dumfries; and it is proposed to lease the intended Glasgow, Diiin- 

 friesaiid Carlisle line, which joins the Cumnock branch. 



Tuff Fait (24 miles) from Cardiff to Merthyr Tydvil, opened 12lli 

 April, 1811. It joins the Aberdare line at Navigation Henge, 10 

 miles from Cardill, for which an act was obtained in session 1845. 



Dulilin and Kingston (G miles 4 chains) (i|iened throngliont Decem- 

 ber, l>3i Share capital £200,000. Loans, £ 152,000. This Company 

 bought Ihe Kingstown and Dalkey atmospheric line, and proposes to 

 extend it to Bray. 



South Dtron (5 If miles long) with a 7 feet gauge, and on the 

 atmosjiheric principle, commences at Exeter, and terminates at Ply- 

 mouth, Share capital £1,100,000. Loans, £330,500, .f which 

 £400,000 is contrdnited by the Great Western, Bristol and Exeter, 

 and Bristol and Gloucester. The works are in progress. The royal 

 assent wis givi n to bill 4ih July, 1844. 



Eastern Union (17 miles long) from the Eastern Counties at Col- 

 cliester, terininales willi junction in the Y.irmoiilh and Norwich, 

 passing ihrough Ipswich and Stowm.irk>'t, willi a branch to Bury St. 

 Edinond's. The Eastern Union Extension line from Ipswich to Bu.-y St. 

 Edmund's, is an indeprndent company; but promoted by the same 

 parlies. The Eastern Counties line offered to take the line at par; 

 but the (jffer was indlgnantiy refused; and the E.istern Counties, in 

 eonjunction with the Yarmunth and Norwich, projected an intended 

 line, c.illed ihe Diss and Cukhester, as they had also previously done 

 to meet the Eastern Union by branclii s to Last Dereham and Diss, alj 

 of whirl) have miscarried. The ■Yarmouth Company olilained an ac 

 in 1845, for a branch from Wyinendham to East Dereham and Wellst 



The share capital of the Eastern Union is £200,000; and loans, 

 £ ili.GJO ; and the royal assent was obtained lOih July, 1814. The 

 capital of the Eastern Union Extension is £550,000. Joseph Locke 

 is engineer. 



Luds and Ihad/ord (14? miles) is in junction willi the Norlli 

 Midland, and terminates at Bradford. Royal assent, 4th July, 1814. 

 Share capital £4i/0,UOJ. Loans, £133,333. 



North Ifalea Mineral (11 miles) at Chester is in junction with 

 Chester and Holyhead. R.ceived Ihe royal assent August 0th, 1844. 

 Share capital, £120,000. Loans, £10,00J. 



jyhilehavtn and Maryport (12 miles) injunction with the Mary- 

 port and Carlisle. Received the myal assent 30lh June, 1814. Share 

 capital, £ll)0,OJO. Loans, £33,0J0. 



BRITISH AltCII.EOLOfilCAL ASSOCIATION. 



The following are llic most inleiesliug oftlie proceedings of this Society, 

 at tlir annual meeting now terininated. 



THE CHUIICII AM) HOSPITAL OF ST. CROSS. 



Sept. <J.— A pari) paid a visit to SI. Cross, the liospilal and the beautiful 

 chiin h aiiached, and enamined its architectural features. SI. I'loss is 

 about a mile frnni Winchester, situated in a valley, and presents a very 

 piclnresqne object fiom the neiglibuiiriug hills, tlie scenery around being 

 beautifully varied by Ihe winding of the lichen Hiver and its tributary 

 streams. The hospital was founded by Henry de Blois, Bishop of Min- 

 ch.sler, and brother of King Sleplnn. In the course of tune its charitable 

 purposes were diverted from their original benevolent purpose, but weie 

 fully restored and added lo by Mdliaiii de M'j keliani and his successor, 

 C:ardiual Beanfoil, parliculail> mi the jear Hl-t. During the wars of 

 the Hoses, it suffered greatly, and at the Kefurmalion a great number of 

 its r. niainiug possessions were sequestered and alienated. The hospital, 

 though considerably diminislieil iu its revenues, slill maintains a master, 

 steward, chaplin, and thirteen brethren. The church, chiefly of Norman 

 archiiecUire, was hiiilt iu the reign of King Stephen, in the form of a cross, 

 w nil a tower iu the centre. The lengih of the church is 101) feel, and its 

 breadth liO feel. Ii possesses features of all the difl'ereni styles of Gothic 

 ai\.liiteclure, and in the examination of ils details, the diU'ercnies of the 

 styles pointed out by Ihe genileinen above mentioned, aflorded a most 

 pleasing, instructive, and interesting lecture lo all present. The cliivron, 

 tlie piilet, the i)illel,and oilier peculiar ornameiilsof Norman archileclure, 

 are here executed in a very superior stjie. There are one or two good 

 brasses, particularly thai of John de Campdeu, and some very peculiar 

 encaustic liles, inscribed " Have mynde," said to be for the purpose of 

 reminding the brethren of their duty of praying for the dead. There is an 

 old leaden font, but a basin is now used within it. There is some fine 

 old stained |rUss, sadly jarred by Ihe contrast of some very poor new w ork. 

 One of Ihe must curious features, is a triple-headed Norman arch, with 

 Ihe zigzag moulding, in the outer wall of the corner, between Ihe chancel 

 and north aisle, lis origin is supposed, by Mr. Blore, lo have risen from 

 tiie want of space, otherwise unattainable in making an entrance to the 

 church, which had since been closed up. 



Winchesler Cathedral. — Professor Willis's Lecture. 

 September 11.— At half-past II the St. John's room was crowded to 

 hear Ihe lecture of Professor Willis, upon the Calliedial. The Professor 

 repudiated the idea of any of the Saxon foundation of Eihelwood re- 

 mainin:;, and atliibutes the remaining portion lo Ihe lime of M'alkelyn, Ihe 

 Norman bi^.hop, appoiuied by M'illiain Ihe Conqueror. It was a general 

 rule with the Norinau bishups lo pull down their cathedrals, and rebuild 

 olhers in their place. The Professor quoted a chronicle euiitled " The 

 Annals of Winlon," lo show that Bishop VValkelyu "destroyed the whole 

 of the old church in a year, wiih the exception of the apse and the high 

 allar," and again, '-the succeeding year, the relics of St. S within w^re re- 

 moved from under the high allar," which of course involved its destruc- 

 tion. In regard lo the statement that Ihe tower only was rebuilt by 

 M'alkelyn, this was satisfaciordy answered by the legend that the lower 

 fell in ciuisequence of ihe burying under it the remains of Milliam Rufus, 

 who died wilhont receiving Ihe lasi rites of the church, and who was also 

 a king of bad repulalion. Now, M'alkelyn died eleven years before Rufus, 

 coiiseqiienlly could not have rebuilt the tower, which was most likely done 

 out ot Ihe funds left by AValkeljn for the repairs of Ihe cathedral. The 

 Professor alluded lolhe fall of Ihe tower of Ely Cathedral, built by Simeon, 

 the brother of U'alkelyu, and most likely by the same hands, and under 

 similar directions, and con ended lliat both towers fell from the piers 

 being loo inlirni lo hear ilieir weight, and ihis accounted for the immense 

 size of Ihe present piers, being as much too large as tlie olhers had been 

 loo small, and it was fioni Ihe faults thus commiUed on both sides that Ihe 

 medieval architects learned those true and beautiful propositions which 

 were now so admired by all who viewed them with any interest. The plan 

 of the crypt showed that M'alkelyu's choir was the same size as the pre- 

 sent. From examinations ihat had been made under the auspices of niem- 

 heiSof the association, a bed of concrete had been found, which proved 

 that it was originally intended lo have towers at the west front, making 

 ihe nave fift> feet lunger than at present. In laua, according to a i\lS. in 

 Queen's College, Oxford, Bishop Lucy built the aisles and vaulting oui- 



42 * 



