IH4S. 



THE CIVIL ENGINEtR AND ARCHITECTS JOURNAL. 



333* 



THE PINACOTHECA, OR PICTURE GALLERY, OF MUNICH. 

 (TFilh an Engraving, Plate XXIV J 

 Ainonpr all llie ri'lgninc sovereigns of Europe Lndwig, Kinp; of B,i- 

 varia, lioUis by far the liigliest rank as a patron of tlie Arts. Tlie 

 capital of liis kingdom owes to Ills UMinificrnce, tiiste, and zeal Its 

 noblest public buildings, wliicli in nu ii'i.r and extent far exceed the 

 modern specimens of architecture in the larger European capitals. 

 Xor has the patronage of Ludwig I. been of that passive character 

 which too often belongs to royal patromige, hut lias exhibited itself 

 energetically— in zealous encouragement of the artist, the architect, 

 and the sculptor — in foregoing a large part of his personal revenue 

 for the sake of founding public monuments — in constant and careful 

 inspection of these works during their progress— in active co-opera- 

 tion with the architects of them— in the promotion of the study of the 

 fine arts by personal |irecept and example. 



Of the mo''''"! public buildings of Munich the best known in Eng- 

 land are the Glyptothecaand the Pinicotheca,and although these two 

 Museums form in reality but a small portion of the buildings erected 

 under the present king, either of them singly would be considered a 

 sufficient and honourable proof of the taste of any other monarch. 

 The Pinacotheca and Glyptotheca are the works of the architect 

 Baron Kleuze, who erected also the New Palace (Konigsbau), the 

 ■ Fest-bau a vast addition to the Old Palace, the Post Office, the Church 

 of All Saints, &c. The following list will give some idea of the ex- 

 tent to which Kleuze's architectural skill has been exercised in 

 Munich; his principal works, arranged in the order of their construc- 

 tion, are — 



ISI'v^O Ionic 



18:2J-28 



1S2G Italian 



Glyptotheca 



Bridge over the Isar 



Odeon 



Pinacotheca 



AUerheitigen Kassclle 



Bazaar 



Hofarkaden 



Konigsbau 



Festbau 



Prince Maximilian's Palace 



Leuchtenburg Palace 



Obelisk 



Polycrome Temple 



.St. Bonifacius 



Post Office 



Monument of Mas. Joseph I. 



182(3-7 Byzantine or Uomanesrjue 

 „ Italian 



1827 Florentine 

 Palladian 



1828 Florentine 

 „ Italian 



1828-33 



1833 Ionic 



1833 Byzantine 



1834 Florentine 

 1835 



Of the Pinacotheca, or Museum of Pictures, of which we have now 

 to speak more particularly. Dr. Granville, who saw it in its unfinished 

 state, says, " Uuquestionably, after the loggia of the Vatican, no other 

 edifice will bear comparison with what this promises to be." The 

 upper or first floor is the principal part of the building, and is that 

 alone which contains works of art, the ground floor being occupied by 

 offices and a library. The plan of the upper floor is symmetrical, and 

 may be described as a rectangular parallelogram with projecting 

 wiiigs at both ends. The shape somewhat resembles the following — 



North 



The principal elevations front the north and south; the projecting 

 wings at the east and west ends give an appearance of soli<lity and 

 extent to the building, and produce a varied eflect in the principal 

 front, which is 500 feet in length. The part of the interior marked a 

 is a magnificent vestibule parallel to the south front, and devoted to 

 fresco painting. This vestibule or series of loggie forms a distinct 

 portion of the building s' t apart to fre-sco paintings. The designs, 

 which are by Cornelius, are executed by Zimmerman. 



The first stone of llie building was laid in 182G, on the anniversary 

 of the birth of Raphael, by the royal founder himself. 



The engraving by wliich this article is illustratf d represents the 

 eastern fayade of the building, part of the external walls being removed 

 to exhibit the d'^corations and arrangement of the interior. There 

 are three windows on each side of the entrance, supported on rustic 

 work, and surmounted by bold mculding. There are five windows on 

 the second or principal floor, svith Ionic pillar against the piers be- 

 No. 98.— Vol. VIII.— November, 1815. 



tween. The attic above is in very questionable taste; in the southern 

 and northern fa^-ades i specially this attic presents a very heavy un- 

 graceful appearance, as on this side it lias no windows. The cfTect is 

 further impaired by the range of buthern skylights which light the 

 principal apartments of the building. The attic is not immediately 

 in a line with the north and south ironts, but is set as far back as the 

 inner wall of the loggie. 



Of the decorations of the interior, it is diflficult to give an adeqitite 

 idea. They are elaborate in the extreme; the walls and ceilings are 

 profusely decorated with inlaid maibles. The upper floor is ap. 

 (iroached by a staircase in the south-east wing, and contains nine 

 principal rooms en suite, each devoted to separate schools of painting. 

 Besides this central suite and the magnificent loggie, parallel to iit on 

 the south side, already mentioned, there is another range of 22 

 smaller apartments along the side of the edifice. 



The gallery will liold in all about 1,500 paintings, exclusive of the 

 frescoes. 



PNEUMATIC RAILWAY. 



New Invention of M. M. Joiiard and Seguier. 



We have, in the Journal dts C/iemins dc Fer of Oct. 18, an account 

 of a method of pneumatic propulsion invented by M. le Baron Seguier, 

 of the Institut, and M. Jobard, director of the Musce de V Industrie at 

 Brussels. The latter gentleman is known by his Report on the French 

 Exposition of 1839. 



In the newly invented system the motive force is communicated 

 by the compression and not by the rarefaction of air. A tube is laid 

 the whole length of the railway, and has a longitudinal slit resembling 

 that of the existing atmospheric railways. The manner of closing 

 this slit is, however, different; the method adopted is that of M. Hal- 

 lette, described some time since in the Civil Engineer and ^rchitccl'g 

 Juurnal. M. Hallette's valve has this peculiarity, that it acts both 

 ways; that is, prevents the air from either entering or escaping by its 

 own pressure. M. Hallette, our readers will remember, fills and closes 

 the loi7gitudinal slit by two long pieces of Indian rubber tubing, which 

 are inflated; tlieoe pieces of tubing extend the whole length of the 

 slit, being fastened one to each edge of if, and pressing firmly against 

 each other like lips, so as to entirely seal the tube. M. Hallette's in- 

 vention is engrafted bv M. M. Jobard and Seguier into their system. 



Their atmospheric tube has also another peculiarity; it is square 

 instead of cylindrical ; neither does it contain a travelling train piston, 

 but the compressed air is drawn up from it into the boiler of a locomo- 

 tive engine, and acts in the cylinders of the engine in the stead of 

 steam. This is the leading idea of the invention. A locomotive 

 engine accompanies the train, as in the case of the old railways, but 

 this engine instead of being worked by steam is worked by com- 

 pressed air supplied to it at every point of its course by the continuous 

 pneumatic tube. We should have mentioned that the compression of 

 the air is proposed to be carried to three atmospheres, or 45 lb. to the 

 inch. 



The manner in which the communication is effected between the 

 pneumatic tube and the locomotive engine is not a little curious. We 

 h ive have not here an arm communicating from the interior of the 

 tube to the train; it is conceived that the friction of this arm would 

 soon wear out the elastic tubing which forms the air valve. The con- 

 nection is made in the following manner; — a piece of apparatus is 

 provided which in form resembles a double -convex lens; this lens is 

 liollow, and is made of two convex metallic plates perforated by small 

 holes at their circumference ; the holes are closed by valves inside the 

 lens, which prevent escape from the interior of it; the lens turns on 

 hollow axes, which communicate by tubes with the air chamber (or 

 what corresponds to the boiler) of the locomotive engine. It will be 

 readily conceived that if this disc roll along the valve of the pneuma- 

 tic tube, dipping a little way into it, each hole in the circumference 

 of the lens will, in its turn, be brought into communication with the 

 compressed air, which will rush up through it into the cavity of the 

 lens, and thence, by the hollow axhs, to the air-chest of the engine. 

 The perforations of the lens, as they revolve, successively dip into 

 and leave the pneumatic tub''. As they leave it they are closed by 

 the internal valves, which the compressed air within the disc keeps 

 closely shut. The thickness of the disc is two-filths of an inch, but 

 its diameter is upwards of a yard. 



This invention, like all new inventions, is to supersede every thing 

 similar to it already in existence. But beside the objections wbicti 

 we believe exist against all systems of atmospheric railways, from the 

 loss of power sustained in communicating motion by an elastic agent 

 like air, the present invt-ntion has this additional disadvantage, that it 

 requires two steam engines (the stationary and the locunn/tue; to do 

 the work which is at (.resent done by a single engine. 



43. i 



