Ml n.ll. IMHCI.IM I. I\ II. Ill I II. I IKS (.7 



tlu- r.itio (Zi 'IZ-I., of the serii-s impcil.iiu r to four times llie shunt 

 itn|H-ti.iiirc is 



(a). 



"iw.) 



I +(.-».')( J- ) 



(21) 



From this expression, when Zi IZo of the prototype is or —1, the 

 corres(>on(liiii; vahie of {Z\'AZ-i)„ for the derived w(-typc is also or 

 — 1. lienee, the derixed l\pe has tlie same cut-olT fre(|ucn(ics and 



24 



o 



u 



CL 16 



12 



g 8 



Z 

 u 4 



0.4 



0.8 



K = 



1.2 



_| Z, 



1.6 



2.0 



4Z, 



Fig. 11 — .\ttcnuation Constant (in Tf) of a Filter Sfction Kxprcssed in Ternisof the 

 Ratio of ItsSeries Impe<lance to Four Times Its Shunt Impetiancc (i.e., Z\l\Zi = Kj^ 



therefore the same transmission and attenuation regions as its proto- 

 type. 



Impedance and Propa^al'wn Characlerislics of Dissipalivc Fillers. 

 It has lieen pointed out, in the rase of non-dissipative structures, that 

 the ratio Zi \7.-< is either a positive or a negative numeric. If there 

 is dissipation in the filter structure, that is, if the resistance associ- 

 ated witli tlie reactance elements cannot be neglected, then tiic ratio 



