F.XGlXiiF.RIXu ril.WlXC, lOR M.IXCr.UIIKI- 555 



I.Mlok CkAIUv 



I'lif I'l.iiiniiiv; l-'.ni;iiii'rr. in addition lo fslahlisliiiij; tlu- \.diK's 

 .drt'iuK' iiu-ntioiH'd. l).i> also tlic rt-spoiisiliility of sclirlinR ihv grade of 

 lalior which is to In.- iisitl in iH-rforininj; tlio \arious opi-ratioiis. I)if- 

 ft-ri-nt nr.ides ha\i' lii't-n i-stalilislu-d for ini-ii and women, and eath 

 Kr.idi- rovers a sufficiently broad ranjje of rates to enalile us to hire 

 the einph>yees at the startinR rate of the grade and to advance them 

 in the v;ra<Ie as tliey l>econu- more proficient .\\u\ exjierienced. 



I\ \\\ Maiikiai, 



Ihe I'lanning Kngineer specifies the kind and amount of raw 

 material recjuired for each part including the scrap allowance. Me 

 also s[H'cities the form in which it shall be purchased — that is to say, 

 whether in nnl. tubing, and in the case of sheet stock w-hether in the 

 sli.ipe of sheets, strips, or rolls. 



M AM 1- \( Tt RiN'd Layouts 



The next step in preparing a piece of apparatus for manufacture 

 is the working up of detailed manufacturing layouts. These layouts 

 constitute the "sailing orders" for the shop, covering each operation 

 to be performed, how the work is to be done, the sequence of the 

 o[X'rations, the tools and machinery to be used, raw material and 

 quantity required, and the stock room to which the parts shall be 

 delivered upon completion. 



These layouts are got out in the form of fluplicated sheets and a 

 complete layout for each part is sent to e\er\' department ha\'ing 

 work to perform. 



Pir;( K Ratios 



When all the preparation steps have been completed and after the 

 \arious ojK-rations have been tried out and are running in the operat- 

 ing departments on a satisfactory commercial basis, the Planning 

 Organization proceeds to establish piece rates on each ofieration. 



The piece rates are established by the same organization of engineers 

 who plan the work, and the responsibility of seeing that the estimated 

 outputs are realized devolves upon this organization. Before pro- 

 ceeding with the studies invoked in establishing the piece rate, the 

 FManning Engineer checks back against the original planning data 

 and the manufacturing layout, and, in this way, ascertains the met]i(xl 



