Reflex Oscillators 



By J. R. PIERCE and W. G. SHEPHERD 

 Table of Contents 



I. Introduction 463 



II. Electronic Admittance — Simple Theory 467 



III. Power Production for Drift Angle of (m + f) Cycles 470 



IV. Effect of Aiijiroximations 479 



V. Special Drift Fields 480 



VI. Electronic Gap Loading 482 



VII. Electronic Tuning — Arbitrary Drift Angle 484 



VIII. Hysteresis 493 



IX. Effect of Load 512 



A. Fixed Loads 513 



B. Frequency Sensitive Loads — Long Line Effect 523 



C. Effect of Short Mismatched Lines on Electronic Tuning 531 



X. Variation of Power and Electronic Tuning with Frequency 537 



XI. Noise Sidebands 542 



XII. Build-up of Oscillation 545 



XIII. Reflex Oscillator Development at the Bell Telephone Laboratories 550 



A. Discussion of the Beating Oscillator Problem 550 



B. A Reflex Oscillator with an External Resonator — The 707. . 553 



C. A Reflex Oscillator with an Integral Cavity — The 723 558 



D. A Reflex Oscillator Designed to Eliminate Hvsteresis — The 2K2^ 563 



E. Broad Band Oscillators— The 2K25 '. 570 



F. Thermally Tuned Reflex Oscillators— The 2K45 577 



G. An Oscillator with Wave-Guide Output— The 2K50 597 



H. A Millimeter— Range Oscillator— The 1464 603 



I. Oscillators for Pulsed Applications— The 2K23 and 2K54 607 



J. Scope of Development at the Bell Telephone Laboratories 620 



Appendices 



I. Resonators 622 



II. Modulation Coeflficient 629 



HI. Approximate Treatment of Bunching 639 



IV. Drift Angle as a Function of Frequency and Voltage 643 



V. Electronic Admittance — Non-simple Theory 644 



VI. General Potential Variation in the Drift Space 656 



VII. Ideal Drift Field 660 



VIII. Electronic Gap Loading 663 



IX. Losses in Grids 673 



X. Starting of Pulsed Reflex Oscillators 674 



XI. Thermal Tuning 677 



Symbols 



A A measure of frequency deviation (9.20). 



B Bandwidth (Appendix 10 only, ij-3)). 



B Susceptance 



Bi Reduced susceptance (9.7). 



Be Electronic susceptance. 



C Capacitance 



C Heat capacity (A'-l). 



D Reduced gap spacing (10.3). 



460 



