26 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECTS JOURNAL. 



[Jan. 



2. Description of a Patent Safety-Rein. By Mr. Alexander Miller, 

 saddler, Edinburgh. — liv this rein, which has heen a considerable time in 

 use, anil severely tested, Mr. Miller states that all possibility of a horse run- 

 ning off is effectually prevented. Its effect when drawn is to compress the 

 horse's windpipe, and thus render him powerless. K vicious horse once or 

 twice checked by this rein is completely under command and learns obedi- 

 ence. 



3. Description of a very cheap and convenient Coil- Electrical Machine. 

 By Mr. Alf,x.\ndf.r Brow.n. Communicated by George Wilson, M.D. 

 Dr. Wilson, in bringing forward this machine, did so not as claiming a dif- 

 ferent arrangement from the coil-electrical machines already in use, but he 

 considered Mr. Brown had great merit in making his machine not only con- 

 Tenient in size and handsome in appearance, but very moderate in price. It 

 can be sold at \l. !.'>«., and is luted for all medical purposes. The shock 

 can be graduated from the slightest to the strongest, by withdrawing and 

 again gradually introducing the bundle of wire into the centre of the coil. 



ROYAL INSTITUTE OF BRITISH ARCHITECTS. 

 Dec. 14. — S. Angell, V.P., in the Chair. 



M. LesiieUR, of Paris, was elected an honorary member. 



Drawings were exhibited to illustrate the description of the mode 

 adopted by Mr. J. B. (Jabiunkk to warm the Synagogue of the .Spanish 

 and Portuguese Jews, in Bevis Marks; that object having been success- 

 fully attained by the admission of warm air from a chamber beneath the 

 building. 



Mr. D. MucATTA read a paper descriptive of a distillery and its appur- 

 tenances rtcenlly erected from his designs in London ; with some obser- 

 vations on the principles of distillation, heating furnaces, and general ven- 

 tilation. 



Mr K. J. Anson described a modification of the " Polmaise" system of 

 ■warming, applied to a vinery near London. A discussion arose on the ill 

 effects of the system if applied to general purposes, in consequence of the 

 Titiated air being reheated. 



Remarks were made on the consumption of smoke, and also on the 

 necessity of providing means of ventilation wherever warm air is intro- 

 duced. 



RAFFAELLE. 



The following is the Brere of Pope Leo X., by which he conceded to 

 Raffaelle the license to purchase all stone and marbles required for the 

 construcliou of St. Peter's, and to prevent the destruction of ancient nio- 

 Duments and inscriptions by the masons aud builders of Rome.* 



"to RAFFAELLl; URIilNATE. 



"As it is most necessary for the construction of the Roman temple of 

 the Prince of Apostles, that stoue aud marble, of which we ought to have 

 an abundant supply, should be rather procured at liome, than be conveyed 

 from abroad ; aud as it has been ascertained, that the ruins of Rome con- 

 tain a great quantity of these materials, aud that all persons who, either in 

 Rome or even in the neighbourhood, intend to build, do appropriate the 

 same to their own use ; 1 make you, whom I use as the master of this said 

 temple, the overseer of all the marbles and stones which, henceforth, may 

 come to light at Rome, or at a distance of ten thousand paces therefrom — 

 for tiiis r--ason, that you shall purchase for ine those which may be proper 

 for the edilication of this temple. Therefore, I command all people, middle, 

 highest, lowest, that wherever they shall, hereafter, dig out marbles or 

 other stones, of any kiud. within the space assigned by me, that they shall 

 acquaint you, the oversifr, forthwith, of the nature or kind of every thing 

 so discovered or excavated. And also, tliat whoever shall not do so within 

 three days from the time of such discovery, he be fined from lOll to 300 

 gold coins, as shall appear to you fit. And, moreover, as 1 have been in- 

 formed, that much of ancient marble and stone, engraven with inscriptions 

 and other muuuments — which monuments often bear some exquisite stamp 

 of art, and ought to be preserved for the cullivatiun of literature and the 

 improvement of the Roman tongue — are vilely cut up by the marble-work- 

 ers as building material, and that thus the insciipiious are destroyed, I 

 command all persons who exercise the trade of cutting marble and other 

 stones, that, wilhout your orders or permission, they may not dare to cut or 

 work any inscribed styne, — applying the i^aiiie fine, as aforesaid, to all who 

 may act otherwise than 1 cumiifand. — Giveu this sixt Cal. of September. 

 Year three. Rome." 



J. L Y. 



• Pttri Bembi epislol. Leouis X., P. M. LugduD. 1.538. 8vo. p. 246. 



REGISTER OF NEW PATENTS. 



HEATING APARTMENTS AND BUILDINGS. 



Anthony Nathan pe Rothschild, of London, merchant, for " /m- 

 frorements in Iteating ajiarltnenls and buildings." — Granted .April 28 ; En- 

 rolled October 28, 1840. 



This invention relates to heating any desired space, by forcing healed air 

 by mechanical means to the space to be heated ; or to heat or dry various 

 manufacturing articles in the same manner, and also to lead heated air for 

 auy desired purpose, whether perfectly dry or containing the moisture re- 

 quired for various purposes, lo any situation that may be required, and is 

 well adapted to warm churches, hospitals, theatres, saloons, bathing es- 

 tablishments, barracks, manufactories, prisons, horticultural establishments 

 powder mills, breweries, &c , &c., as well as for other purposes where a 

 high and regular degree of heat is required. 



"The apparatus is shown in the annexed engravings. a is a fur- 

 Fig. I. Plan. 



Fig. 2. Section, 

 nacc, in which are placed east-iron pipes b b b, the number of which 

 may be increased if much heat be required; pipes of an oval form have 

 been found most couvenieul. The pipes are heated by the fire a. The 

 entrance of the pipes is connected at c, with a veutilator e, set in motion by 

 mechanical force, which forces pure atmospheric air into the pipes b. The 

 same ventilator forces also a strong current of air through the pipe/, lo the 

 fire. All the pipes have valves, g- g g, to increase or decre.ise the current 

 of air. By being driven through the heated pipes, beginning with the 

 lowest and ending with the highest temperature, the air acquires a very 

 intense heat. It has been found that the most convenient length of the 

 cast-iron pipes, to produce high temperature, is 15 feet, which allows the 

 smoke with the circuit (in A), and pressed down (in (), to leave the chim- 

 ney with the temperature of the open air. To the end of the pipes I, 

 united in one current of air by the chest m, is attached to the conduit 

 pipe n, which, with its branch pipe o, conveys the healed air in any direc- 

 tion desired. 



Should it be desired to convey warm or hot moist air, this object may be 

 easily obtained, eiiher by introducing .steam, if the motive power is a 

 sleam-eiigine, into the conduit pipe in q. or by placing an iron vessel in the 

 chest I, which vessel fills itself from the outside in tlie same ralio as the 

 water in it decreases by evaporation. 



APPARATUS FOR MELTING ZINC. 



ANDRiiw Smith, of Princes street, Middlesex, engineer, for "Improve- 

 inenis in coating or covering metals for preventing oxidation." — Granted 

 Feb. 11 ; Enrolled August 11, 1S16. 



The improvements relaie to coaling metals with zinc, melted in a bath of 

 lead or tin, or any suitable medium that melts at a lower heat than zinc, 



