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THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT'S JOURNAL. 



[Feb. 



HALL OF LIBERTY (LIBERATION), KEHLHEIM. 

 It is not only by it, pregnant historical and ethic character, but by 

 themassivenessandsterlingnessof its architectural concept.on .hat 

 this monumont (called forth by the will of the K,ng of Bavar.a) de- 

 rves especial attention. Thus, Liberty Hall. .Uh Us huge bronze 

 n,e,norial tablet., will infuse new ideas and thoughts m the miud of 

 nations, which, however they may be iniparted, we are much m need 



"^Kehlheim is situated about four leagues above Donaustauf ; op- 

 posite which latter place the Walhalla reflects its f -'^o-s .n the 

 waters of the Danube. Celebrated for years past by Us valuab e 

 limestone quarries-another consideration has induced Lew.s I. to 

 seTect it fo? the site of his new creation, viz., it bong the place where 

 the Ludwig canal disembogues into the Danube. In the nearly r.gh - 

 angle space which the river and canal form here, the erra.n ascen 

 conside ably, and forms, towards the Danube, an elevated seep wall 

 of rocks. U is on this commanding plateau that Liberty Hall is being 

 erected. The main structure, a huge rotunda with a dome ce.hng 

 forms a octo-decagon iAcl,..neck) of 20G feet diameter in the greates 

 «idlhof the ball; exclusive of the outer groined vaulted arcade that 

 Lrounds it; the outer hall abuts to a height of 60 feet (including a 

 .L roof) against the dome structure, and round the o-ter vaulted 

 ■ha 1 extend the groined vaulted arcades, of a joint height of 22 feet 

 Lldilg the gfoining. The building will rise, up to the high^t 

 point of the lantern in the cupola, to the elevation of 175 fee . 

 Th height from the vaulting to the entablature is lOOfeet. Benea b 

 the latter extends the outer triumphal-area, consisting of double 

 Ib-openings, separated by two pilasters, all round the octo.decagon. 

 Above the entablature, three steps surround the outer dome vaul ing. 

 The stair., from the entrance, lead up to half the height, straight to 

 the main building; they then branch off, laterally in two ascents. If, 

 therefore, we step in the centre of the building, we are sur- 

 rounded by a cycle of columns, whose diameter, from the centre of 

 one column to the opposite column, through the diagonal of the ro- 

 tunda, measures 100 feet. Eighteen columns rise from the floor, on 

 the radii of the octo-decagon. They are monoliths of g.-anite and 

 measure (including bases and capitals, of white marble) 27 feet, and 

 have a diameter of 4 ft. 4 in. Above these, spring circular arches 

 with archivolts, also of white marble, and the eighteen mural surfaces 

 above them are of yellow marble ; on these are inscriptio.ml tablets of 

 white marble. The space above the eighteen mura surfaces is di- 

 vided by double arch openings, with pilasters and semi-columns. 

 Behind these, extends the inner triumphal area. Above these arch- 

 openings of the inner triumphal area, the vertical portion of the 

 building extends to a height of 84 feet above the inner floor. The 

 inner dome vaulting rises thence to a height of 30 feet up to the 

 lantern, whose diameter in the clear, is 31 feet. Behind the circle of 

 columns, on the ground floor, extends an arcade with groined van t- 

 iugs, which the architect intends to dress with dark red marble the 

 effect of which will be surprising. This arcade is surrounded by a 

 cella-wall of 8 feet thickness, which latter divides the inner from the 

 outer arcade. According to these measurements, the plan, elevation, 

 and sections of this gigantic structure may be easily conceived. 



This huge rotunda and cupola structure is merely destined to be 

 the shell of its internal, strictly monumental, kernel. If we again 

 go to the centre of the podium of the hall, under the lantern of the 

 cupola (which alone will light this huge space), we shall see ourselves 

 surrounded, at the distance of 40 feet, by a ring-formed stylobate, 

 which has no entrance, save by one opening, opposite and in a right 

 line to the main entrance of the hall. On this (continuous) stylobate, 

 stand, in a circle, thirty-four colossal Victories, in pairs, close to each 

 other, before the columns, and holding each other with one hand; 

 with the other, each pair grasps a bronze shield, made of the enemies- 

 cannon. On the gilded front of these shields are inscribed the names 

 of the different battles. &c., and the names of the leaders will be put 

 in the corresponding marble tablets on the same wall-face of the ooto- 

 decao'on. The backs of the shields will not be gilded, for the pur- 



pose of showing the metal they are made of. The winged Victories 

 are each 10 feet high, and of white marble, and form, with the miss 

 of shields which they bear, an unterrupted and most imposing circle ; 

 this being only open at one place-the main entrance. They are to 

 be made after models of Master {sic) Schwanthaler. 



In conclusion, it is to be remarked, that the king of Bavaria has 

 ordered that not one piece of wood is to be used in this structure, 

 which will consist entirely of Kehlheim limestone, granite. Slander's 

 marble, iron, and copper, with which latter metal the cupola and the 

 entrance-hall will be roofed. The very foundation of the walls 

 had to extend, at places, to the depth of 50 feet, owing to the in- 

 equality of the terraiji, is, in itself, a vast complex of numberless 

 arches and vaults, well worthy the attention of builders. The inge- 

 nious manner in which the architect has executed the double vaulting 

 of the dome is not to be passed over in silence. The name of this 

 worthy master is Sir Frederick Gaevtner, P.R.A. of Arts at Munich. 

 ■^ J. L Y. 



DISCOVERY OF TERMESSUS. 

 The site of Termessus, one of the largest and most important cities 

 of Asia Minor, has long been a matter of doubt. The recent travels 

 of Lieut. Spratt and Professor Forbes in Lycia, have however settled 

 the dispute, and to these enterprising travellers we are indebted for 

 a discovery of great interest in an architectural point of view, and 

 one which adds to the records of ancient art a whole ci>y filled with 

 Roman edifices, many of them very important and in an excellent state 

 of preservation. Of these, one of the principal is the ancient theatre, 

 which is minutely described. The nature and extent of the discove- 

 lies will be seen from the following narration :— 



"The valley became more and more coufined. ^e were evidently en- 

 tering an important pass; every here and there were traces of fo.t.bca- 

 tions: suddenly, in the narrowest partof tlie gorge, we came u,:oa a range 

 of perfect and admirably built Hellenic walls, stretching across i fo...- 

 Bed^by towers, and passable only by the ancent and narrow ,,a hway 

 The fortifications mentioned by Arrian, the pass through which the a. my 

 of Alexander marched, seemed before us, and at every turn we CKi-ected 

 ?o see the walls of Termessus. Our guide pointed to the summit of U e 

 mountain above us, and said he had heard of ruins there. About a m le 

 "eyond the gateway, we reached a khan, consisting of three stone bu, d- 

 ings, and a coftee-honse, kept by Turkish sold,ers, acting as Su-;''^;^ '« 

 nass Here we put up for the night, not a little gratified by the a^u.anee 

 gfven us brone of these men, tha° the report of ruins on the neighbouring 



"°Et?inTer;ning we commenced the asccntof the nmuntain to seek 

 for the ruined city. The first part was over steep and rocky ground, but 

 If era ime we came upon an ancient roadway, leading towards an op a- 

 ing in the mountain side between two towering rocky peaks F;11»^^'°S 

 hts road, which was buried in trees, and encumbered "7 und.. wood tor 

 an hour and a half, we suddenly came upon two ancient S'^'^" ""f;^- 

 almost perfect, one on either side of the way. Me did not linger to irdce 

 anv con^iectingwall, but hurried anxiously on with sanguine expectations 

 Fo' nea ly a mile we met with no other traces of ruins ; some sarcophagi 

 were at length discovered among the thicket, and °«">''^"'-;" '^^„^^"| 

 of a great rock, were carved in large letters, the words nAATONIkOS 



*'sudTn'i^%fter crossing a low wall, w-e emerged from tl^« '".-ketl -d 

 entered an open and flat area between the two S^^ ™;^^^' ^^^^'^^.'^^^'i^. 

 hv inaccessible precipices. On it ruins were profusely scattered , nume 

 roVs on.bTand'^krcophagi, fallen buildings "f ''^Tk ''''^' '"h, " IZ of 

 h ornamented doorway If which stdl stood, f'-^''^'* b, a goodly fl ght of 

 steps Fluted columns of large dimensions lay strewed in '"oments 

 uno, the .-round. Unwilling to delay until we had ascertained the fu 1 

 r 1 of !he city, after a hasty glance we proceeded to t^^ "ppe end of 

 the nlatform Here the valley became more contracted, and a strong ana 

 J'f^lt will was thrown across it. Within this, ''^^-^^^f^^^ 

 more perfect preservation appeared especially a Pf ^ ' ' . ' ' ,?et to the 

 extent, having numerous doors and windows, and almo=t P^' '"t '» '"^^ 

 roof ike the others, it was constructed of rectangular blocks of lime- 

 stone, wihonttterv'ening cement ; before us, on what «PP--' " ^^^-^^ 

 mount dn top. a third wall appeared, to which we i^^""''"'' "P" ''°S ^ 

 find the acropolis. Hitherto we had met with no mention of the c y m 

 L"vo the inscriptions, but, on ascending to the last-mentmned wall we 

 : L upon an ins'cribed pedestal, which — ' - -;-™ ^ ^^^.^ b^ 

 a name shouted out by the finders with no small delight, ami echoea oy 

 fhe oTd rocks, as if ia confirmation. It must have been new to tbem after 



