58 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECTS JOURNAL. 



[Fee' 



its armature, one edge of wliicli is always in contact with llie poles of the 

 said magnet, the reactive force of electrical induction is brought to bear 

 so as instantly to destroy the attractive force of the electro-magnets of the 

 telegraph, as soon as the electric circuit is opened. Thirdly, — the arrange- 

 ment of the machinery of the signal-bell of the telegraph, as before de- 

 scribed. Fourthly, — the means employed for Ihrowiug the telegraph out 

 of tlie electric circnit, and bringing the striking machinery of the bell into 

 the electric circuit, and tkc rersii ; and also of permanently closing the 

 said circuit by means of a lever and draw. stop. Fifthly, — the means of 

 communicating vviih all the stations simultaneously, or throwing any of the 

 said stations out of communication, at pleasure, by the employment of the 

 commutator and rheopeter, as hereinbefore described. And, Laslly, he 

 claims the said improvements, however Ihey may be varied m their con- 

 structive deiails, so long as the general arrangement of parts, as above set 

 forth, is retained. 



STE.4M ENGINE REGULATOR. 

 Moses Poole, of London, gentleman, fur " /m/)rore»«iH(s in regulating 

 the relocilii of sleam engijics."- -drauttil June '2'J; Knrolled December 29, 

 1840. {Willi Kngrari'tig, Plate VI.) 



The improvements relate to an apparatus to be used in connection with 

 a governor of a steam engine; firstly, to the mode of employing the power 

 of compressed air forced into a chamber by means of a double-beat valve- 

 pump, worked by the engine, so that the air in the chamber may be kept 

 in a more or less compressed state according to the resistance of the en- 

 gine ; the piston-rod of the piston, which is acted upon by the compressed 

 air, communicates with a valve, to regulate the opening of the throtile- 

 valve, through which the sleam passes to the steam-cylinder, by which the 

 engine is kept in a uniform slate, whatever be its variation. Secondly, to 

 the application of another apparatus similar to the one hereinbefore de- 

 scribed, the ditference of which consists in using the pressure of the atmo- 

 sphere acting upon a piston, to press it into a vacuum in place of com- 

 pressed air ; so that the same apparatus, by reversing the action of the 

 valves (causing them to open outwards, instead of inwards) might be used 

 practically for either purpose. 



The engraving, Plate VL, shows a vertical section of the apparatus; 

 a is the air pump with piston, worked by a rod connected with the driving 

 shaft ; b, b, b, valves opening inwards, at top and bollom of the cylinder ; 

 c, e, wind- bores or ports with valve-beat; <(, condensed air passage; e, 

 condensed air cylinder ; /, pressure piston ; g, piston-rod, passing up 

 through the conical standard li, to lifl a counter-balance weight i, which 

 is connected with the throttle-valve of the steam-pipe ; ^' is a small regu- 

 lating valve, and m a regulating tube, with a regulating cock n, worked 

 by the action of the governor o, through the intermediate rod and lever p. 



The apparatus is worked in the following manner : the driving-shaft of 

 the engine gives motion to the piston of the air-pump n, and at each up- 

 ■ward and downward stroke forces, through the ports c,i', compressed air 

 into the condensed air passage (/, and lifts the piston of the small cylinder 

 c, together with the weight /i, which is kept suspended by the elastic power 

 of the air. If the air be condensed too highly, it is enabled to escape 

 through the valve-plug^'. \\ hen there is any deviation in the speed of the 

 engine, the governor immediately corrects by allowing part of the con- 

 densed air to escape through the regulating cock n, and causes the piston/ 

 and balance-weight i to be slowed, and through the latter the throttle- 

 valve is acted upon. 



By the combination of Ihe air pump with the governor, the patentee 

 slates that the steam way of (he engine is capable of being regulated to a 

 greater nicety. 



CHANDELIER SUSPENDERS. 



John Finlay, of Glasgow, ironmonger, for " Improvements in raising 

 and lowering Gas iind other Liim/is, Lustres, and Cliaudeliers." — Granted 

 February 18; Enrolled August IS, ISlti. 



This invention consists of a method of supporting, by atmospheric pres- 

 sure, such gas and other lamps, lustres, and chandeliers, as require to be 

 raised or lowered, in the following manner : — 



There is to be attached to the ceiling of the room from which the chan- 

 delier is to be suspended a rod, carrying at its lower end a piston, con- 

 structed in the manner hereinafler described. The chandelier to be sus- 

 pended is connected to a tube, which is made to slide air-tight on the said 

 piston. A vacuum being produced in tlie tube beneath the piston, as 

 hereinafter particularly described, the pressure of Ihe atmosphere supports 

 the said chandelier ; Ihe area of the piston, and diameter of the tube in 

 ■which it slides, arc proportioned to the weight of Ihe chandelier to be sup- 

 ported. 



Fig. 1 is an ontside view of a gas lamp slide, of 1 J inch diameter, inside 

 measure, consi.-ting of a gas tube, attached to the ceiling of the room, from 

 which the lamp is suspended, by means of atmospheric pressure being 

 brought into operation by means of a vacuum in the cylinder at i3, on the 

 under side of the piston, 5 ; the position of the piston and of the tube are 

 denoted by the dolled lines. 3 is a screw for attaching Ihe slide to the 

 lustre, the weight of whidi should be about twelve pounds. 2 is a tube 

 placed within the roof lube 1, which conveys the gas to the arms of the 

 lamp, and is made fast at the screw 3. Fig. 2 is an outside view of the roof 



tube, with the piston, 5, ont he lower end. The tube, 2, ind icated by dotted 

 lines, projects beyond the under side of the piston. 15 is a shoulder, and 

 17 a helical spring, for preventing the lamp lube from sliding ofl'nhen the 

 lamp is drawn down. Fig. 3 is a section of fig. 1. The piston is shown 



Fig. 4. 



midway in the cylinder, and the exhausted or vacuum portion of the cy- 

 linder, 6, represents oil, put on the top of the piston, for lubricating the 

 tube, and keeping the leather cups, 8 and 9, which form the packing, air 

 tight. 16 are two small holes, drilled through the body of the piston, which 

 holes are covered by a valve formed of a leather washer, 10, on which the 

 brass washer, 11, is pressed by the spiral spring, 12. The object of holes 

 and valve is to produce and maintain the vacuum by which the pressure 

 of the atmosphere is brought into operation ; for w hen the lustre tube is 

 raised, the air which is included between the bottom of the piston, 5, and 

 the bottom of the said tube, is compressed, and elasticity causes it to raise 

 Ihe leather, 10, and the brass, 11, and escape through the oil, 0. A\'hen 

 the tube has been raised to its fullest extent, until the bottom of the said 

 tube is brought into contact with the bottom of the piston, 5, the whole, or 

 nearly the whole of the air is removed from under the said piston, and the 

 spring, 12, forces down the leather valve, 10. On drawing down the lustre 

 tube ihe oil, piston, and valve, prevent the re-entrance of air under the said 

 piston, and Ihe vacuum existing there causes the lustre tube, and lustre 

 attached thereto, to be supported by the pressure of the air external to the 

 said tube. If from any cause air or oil should have descended below the 

 piston, it may be made to escape through the holes by the raising of the 

 lustre tube. 7 are two small holes made through Ihe piston, 5, for feeding 

 the inner cups, 8 iind 14, with oil. The cup or washer, 14, is for Ihe pur- 

 pose of preventing the gas from passing the sides of the lubes, 2, and 

 coming out at the holes, 7, when the level of the oil is below the said holes. 

 4 is a cup for receiving a part of the oil when the lustre is drawn down. 

 Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the roof tube, I, with the piston exhibiting the 

 position of Ihe inner tube, 2. 19 is a screw in the body of the piston, by 

 wliich the leather cups, 8 and 9, are kept in their respective places; and 

 18 is another screw for keeping the leather cup or washer, 14, in its 

 place. 



SEWAGE MANURE. 



AVii-UAM HiCGs, of Westminster, chemist, for" //le /neans of collecting 

 Ihe contents nj' sewers and draina in cities, towns, and vilUiges, and for 

 treating chtmicallij the same ; and fur applying such contents, irhen so 

 treated, to agricultural and other useful purposes. — Granted April 28 ; En- 

 rolled October 28, 1840. {With Engrnrings, Plate VI.) 



The invention consists, firstly, in the construction of tanks or reservoirs 

 in which Ihe contents of sewers and drains in cities, towns, and villages 

 are to be collected, and Ihe solid animal and vegetable matters therein 

 contained solidified and dried as hereinafter described. Secondly, in the 

 construction of buildings over such tanks or reservoirs in which Ihe va- 

 pours and gases, evolved from Ihe collected mass of sewage below, may 

 be collected, retained, condensed, and combined with chemical agents, a 

 hereinafter described, and also in Ihe arrangement of spars or bars on 

 which the salts, formed by the combination of such gases with other sub- 

 stances, may rest or crystallise. Thirdly, in the construction and arrange- 

 ment of machinery and apparatus to be used in distributing and depositing 

 chemical agents over Ihe mass of sewage collecting and collected in the 



