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THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECTS JOURNAL. 



[June, 



London, Brighton, and South Coast Railway Company. — Tlie directors 

 haviu*r (Jeciiied upon liie coriipetiljon designs for the terniinus at New- 

 haven, have awarded the preniiuin of £100 to Messrs. J. W. and W. A. 

 I*ap\vor;h, of Caroline-street, iledfoid-s'iuare ; and that of £50 to Mr, 

 Martin Siutely, of Cio\ver-stre*-t, Bfdford-square. 



The Hanover and Marburg railway has been opened. 



The Crouihn Atmosftheric System. — The Croydon Atmospheric Railway 

 is at an end ! At a Hoard meeiitij; on Tuesday, May 4, it was determined 

 that the line should he shut up ; and this was done fortliwith. 



Prevention of Oxidation of Mcla/s. — A correspondent of the Mining Jour- 

 »(i/, says — '■ I have been led to adopt a simple mclhod of coating; melals, by 

 the agency of an acid, so as to secure them most ellicienliy from the de- 

 teriorating influence of oxidation. The article to be coated is first dipped 

 in a dilute acid, composed of two parts sidphuric acid ati'l one nitric acid, 

 in nine parls water. After immersion in this solution, the article is to be 

 washed in clean water, and then allowed to drain ; and so soon as it ap 

 pears to be dry, it is to be brushed over with copal or lac varnish ; the var- 

 nish attaches itself (irmly lo the acidulated surface of the metal, and never 

 peels oir. The best species of varuit^h for this purpose is probably copal, 

 lo which is adde.I a little litharge. I have subjected sheet-iron thus treat- 

 ed to the conMnued nctiun of sea water for several months, without its sus- 

 taining any injury. It is, perhaps, worth while for ship owners to con- 

 sider whether a consideiable economy would not result from the applica- 

 tion of tills method to the copper sheating of ships." 



Sawinjx Engine. — At the Royal Institution. April IG, Prof. Faraday 

 called the attention of the members to a working model of a sawiug-en- 

 gine, invented by Mr. Cotbran. 15y ibis engine wood can be cut into 

 curves o( (ioithle curvature {i. e., curves in two planes). This is effected by 

 the saw being made to turu on a vertical, while the wood is turned at the 

 same time on a horizontal, axis. 



Recent Depressiona in the Land.—X paper was read at the Geological 

 Society, Feb. 24, by J. S.nithj Esq., on the above subject. Mr. Smith 

 gives the result of cari'ful measurements of the sea-level above the pave- 

 ment of the famous Temple of Serapis near Pozzuoii. These measure- 

 ments, made independently in the years 1819, I82G, IS3S, 1843, and 1845, 

 by Mr. Smith, Prof, Forbes, and the Chevalier Niccolini, all conspire to 

 prove a gentle subsiiience of the land on which the temple stands at a rate 

 of about one inch annually. Mr. Smith j^ives other proofs of the encroach- 

 ments of the sea from an engraving in the *' Vera Antichita di Pozzuoii," 

 published at Rome in IG52, where the churches are represented as inter- 

 vening between the three columns and the sea. These churches are 

 washed away, as well as two sea-wails, built one within the other for the 

 protection ot the road. Mr. Smith then gives a variety of proofs, histori- 

 cal and geological, of the subsidence of parts of the coast of Normandy, 

 Brittany, and the Channel Islands. The stumps of trees are seen stand- 

 ing in the sea, in spots where, at high water, the sea is GO feet deep ; and 

 Mr. Smith has ascertained, fr(»m MSS. of the ninth century in the Library 

 of Avranches, that these forests were tranquilly submerged about that 

 period. Mr. ^mith also states, on the authority of Capt. Martin White, 

 R.N., that on the coast of Normandy, lines, evidently artificial, and appa- 

 rently stone walls, are seen under water running out to sea, and that the 

 lead in sounding on that coast frequently brings up fragments of bricks 

 and tiles, which he is convinced are the ruins of submerged buildings. 



Electrical Musical Instrument. — At the French Academy of Sciences, 

 M. Froment presented a little electrical instrument, with a vibrating blade 

 yielding a sound. It is composed of a small electro-magnet of iron, the 

 contact of which oscillates between one of the poles and a stop against 

 which a spring causes it to bear. An electric curreut, introduced into the 

 apparatus, passes by the contact in iron and the stops in such a way that 

 the circuit is cut off when these two pieces are separated. This last effect 

 t?»kes place when the wire of the magnet is interposed in the circuity for 

 it then attracts tlie contact which, in abandoning the stop, interrupts the 

 flow of the current. The m-ignetic power then ceases, the irou blade 

 pushed by the spring returns to strike the stop, and again closes the cir- 

 cuit. A new magnetic power is again given, and again checked, and all 

 this with great rapidity, so as to cause several thousand beats in a second. 

 ]5y turning the screw which serves to vary the amplitude of the vibration 

 and the immediate force of the spring, the instrument can be made to give 

 out all the sounds upon the musical scale. The instrument being so regu- 

 lated as to give out a fixed sound, the slightest variations in the intensity 

 of the curreut employed cause corresponding variations in the sound ; and 

 thus the apparatus may be employed to judge of the regularity of the 

 passage of electricity in various instruments used in electrical experi- 

 ments. 



Fresco Painting.— K new method of painting as a substitute for fresco has 

 been discovered by a French artist, M. Chevot. It is called by the author 

 /•ypsf/uo Mi.rturale, and consists of a composition which effectually resists 

 tlie action of saltpetre, so fatal to fresco painting wherever there u saltpetre 

 in the walls on which it is laid. The effect of M. Chevot's painting is as 

 bold as that for wliich it is a substitute, and the colours are as vivid. It 

 possesses not merely the advantage of resisting the effect of saltpetre, but 

 can be washed when dirt or dust has accumulated upon it with quite us much 

 iiecurity as oil paintings. 



LIST OP WE^V PATENTS. 



GRANTED IN EXGLAND FROM APRIL 24, TO MAY 18, 1847. 



Six Months allowed for Enrolment^ unless otherwise expressed. 



Theodore Hyla Jennens, of Birmingliam, manufacturer, for " an Improved method or 

 improved mplhods of manuiact'iring papier mach^ ariitles, aNo a iitw or Improved n»e- 

 th(Ki of ornamentinii; papier mach^ articles, wbitli said method of oriiaoieriting punier 

 maeh^ arliflss, is also applicable for ornamental purposes generally." — Scaled Apiil 1'4, 



John Morgan, of Kaat Greenwich, manager, for " ceitaiti Impr vrments in machinery, 



applicable to preparing and spinning flax and hemp, and other libtous substances." 



April "J". 



Jonathan Atkinson, of Liverpool, in the county of Lancaster, soap boiler, for "a new 

 mrthtid of manufacturing soap." — April 27 . 



Caroline Watson, of Chorley, in the county of Lancaster, for " Improvements in appa- 

 ratus for filtering." (A communication.) — April '27. 



Alfred Vincent Newton, of Chancery-lane, Middlesex, mechanical draughtpman, for 

 " certain Improvements in the construction of 'oads or ways, and in ttit carriages to b» 

 used thereon." (A communication.)— April 27. 



Thomas Denne, of Bermondsey, Surrey, strap manufacturer, for *' Improvements in 

 the maimfsclure of grease or composition for atmospheric pipes, and for lubricating the 

 axles and niuvjug pans of machinery." — April 27 ., 



John Coates, ol Seedley, in the county of Lancaster, calico printer, for " Improvements 

 in machinery or api>aratus for cleaning the surface of woven labrics. or freeing tht* tame 

 from tihruus or other loose matters, previous to printing ihereoe," — A[jrii 27. 



George Thomson, of Nottingham, cabinet-maker, for " Improvemeols in machinery for 

 sawing wood and other substances." — April 27. 



Marie MaUoie D'Hervilty Hahnemann, of Rue Clichy, Paris, and Hency Petitpierre, of 

 Place de Chateau Rouge, Paris, for *' Improvements in instruments for writing."— April 



Robert Broad, of Tipton, in the county of StaflFord, engineer, for '* Improvements in 

 railway turn-tables."— April 28. 



Richard Archibald Hrooman, of Fleet-streut, London, for "certain Improvements ia 

 railway turn tablea." (A cocnrounication.)— April litf. 



Willia.n Carter Stafford Percy, of Manchester, upholder, for "Improvements in ma- 

 chinery for making an 1 dressing bricks and tiles, and iu certain sheds and kilns iy which 

 bricks and tiles are i ried and burnt." — April 2'^. 



John Spettr. of G'oricester-ro id, Hyde-park-gardens, gentleman, for '* Improvements 

 1p piano faries, and In the musical scale uf notes in use for such instruments, and also wo 

 apparatus to facilitate the action of the lingers on the keys of the piano-fo tes." — April 



John Elce, of Manchester, machine maker, and Richard Bleasdale, of Rochdale, me- 

 chanic, for "cfrtain Improvemeuls in machinery for preparing and spinning cotton -wool, 

 and other librous 3nl)5iaiices." — May 4. 



William Newton, of Chancery-lane, civil enKineer, for "Improvements in machinery 

 for letttr-prtfss priming." (A communication. j -May 4. 



Joseph Tiiylor, of Tipton, in the county of Stafford, engineer, for " a certain Imorove- 

 ment or certain improvements in the construction and manufacture of wheels for railways 

 and other carriages." — May 4. 



Gardner Stow, of King-street, Cheapside, gentleman, for " Improvements in the con- 

 struction of steam-vesseb, and an apparatus for propelling ships and other vessels.*' (A 

 communication.)— May 4. 



William Henwood. of Portsea, in the county of Southampton, naval architect, for " Im- 

 provements in propelling vessels, and in steam- vessels." — May 4. 



Lemuel Wellman Wright, of Chalforii, in the county of Gloucester, engineer, for " cer- 

 tain Improvements in macUinery, or apparatus, for siveeping or cleansing cbininies, flues, 

 and other similar purposes." — May 4. 



Fennell Allman, of Chailes-street, St. James'8-s:]uare, Middlesex, consultinp-engineer, 

 for " an Improved mode of making, lorming, or shaping candles." — May 4. 



Conrad Haverkam Greenhow, of North Shields, gentleman, for *' Imp'-ovements la the 

 constrnctiun of ships or vessels, and in propelling ships or vessels." — M ay 4. 



John Horsley, of Ryde, Isle of Wight, practical chemist, for ** Improvements in pre- 

 servmg animal and vegetable substances.*' — May G. 



Herbert Spencer, of Lkiyd-street, Lloyd square, Cterkenwell, civil engineer, for "cer- 

 tain Improvements in machinery, lot planing and sawing wood, parls oi which impruve- 

 ments are applicable to machinery for cutting certain niher subsluuces." — Jlay 6. 



Moses Poole, of London, gentleman, for " Impnivemcnls in apparatus fur connecting 

 and disconnecting railway carriages." (A communication.) — May (i. 



Charles Fox, of No. 3, Trafalgar-square, Charing-cross, Middlesex, engineer, and John 

 Coopa Haddan, of No. 11, Upper Woburn-place, civil engineer, fur "Improvements in 

 railway-cbairs, and switches in trenails or fastenings, and in machinery for preparing rail- 

 way sleepers." — May tt. 



Joham Gossob Sejrig. of New Lenton, in the county of Nottingham, engineer, for 

 " certain Improvements in piopelling on land and on water." — May tj. 



Isham Baggs, of Hoir>rd-square, Middlesex, for " certain Improvements in the pro- 

 duction and management of arihicial light." — fllay 7. 



Joshua Fielden, Esq., of Waterside, Todmorden, in the county of Lancaster, far "an 

 Improved mode of laying and pressing cotton, silk, wool, fl ix, and other tibrous matters, 

 into cans, baskets, boxes, and other depositories." — May B. 



Amos Bryant, of Heavitree, in the county of Devonshire, gardener, and Richard Tot- 

 hill, also of Heaviiree, in the same county, surgeon, for ** Improvements in preparing, 

 constructing, and draining land, and an improved implement or implements to be u«e<l 

 therein." — .Wny S. 



William Norman, of Paradise-place, Pinsbury, Middlesex, cabinet-maker, for " Im- 

 provements in the construction of expanding or dining tables." — May 10. 



John Martin, of Allsop's-terraoe. Middlesex, fur "Improvements in apparatus and 

 means used when draming cities, towns, and other inhabited places."— May H. 



John Tottersall Cunliffe, of Mancliester, hide merchant, for ** certain Imurovements in 

 pickers, for power looms, and also in the tools or apparatus for manufacturing the same." 

 —May 14. 



John Thomas Gray, of Wardour- street, Middlesex, bootmaker, for " an Improved boot 

 and shoe."— May 14. 



Thomas Shipp Grimwade, of Sheepcote Farm, Hairow-on-the-Hill, Middlesex, for " a 

 new mode of treating milk for puri)0ses of nutriment." — May 14. 



Thomas Hazeldine, oi Brndenell-place, New North Road, Middlesex, engineer, for 

 ** Improvements in the construction of lurnaces." — May Id. 



Richard Peyton, of the Bordesley Works, Birmingham, metallic bedstead manufac- 

 turer, Jonathan Harlow, ol BirJe^lL-y Wv'rk^, aforesaid, R'ld Thomas Home, o( thi 

 Borough of Birmingliam, biass-fouudcr, for *• I(Uproveraents iu the raaiiufaeture of bea- 

 steads."— May lb. 



