202 



THE CIVIL ENGIVEER AND ARCHITECTS JOURNAL. 



[July 



and the middle or larger portion, in which are the woolsacks, clerks' tables 

 and seats of the peers. 



The House is lighted hy twelve windows, six on the west and six on the 

 cast ; the latter side is the one shown in our drawing. At each end of the 

 House are three archways of the same dimensions as the windows. At the 

 throne end these arches are filled up so as to receive fresco paintings ; at the 

 north end they are recessed for galleries. 



We shall confine ourselves at present chiefly to the description of the sides. 

 It will be seen that the side forms three tiers, the two lower of which are of 

 oak panelling, and are divided by a projecting gallery. The lower tier is 

 divided into twenty-four compartments or divisions, three under each win- 

 dow, and one under each pier. This lower tier is formed into panels, four 

 high, with a coved panel or canopy under the gallery. The three lower 

 ranges of panels are of the " napkin" style, with V.K., an oak leaf, and crown 

 intertwining in the corners of the folds of the drapery. The fourth range 

 has an ogee arch, crockets, and fiiiials, the arch being divided by quatrefoils 

 and tracery, with a flower ornament at the bottom. The compartments are 

 divided by a pillar bearing a bust. The busts form a series of the English 

 kings. Between the busts is an inscription, in Tudor characters of " God fave 

 the Queen" in openworkcd letters. Above this and below the canopy is a 

 pierced hrattishing of trefoils. The canopy is supported by moulded ribs, 

 springing from the pilasters. Each panel of the canopy bears the emblazon- 

 ed arms of one of the Lords Chancellor of England. The series begins with 

 Adam, Bishop of St. David's, in 1377, and extends to Lord Cottenham, the 

 present Chancellor. The arms of the sovereigns, also richly emblazoned, 

 serve to mark each reign, and to form a chronological division. 



The front of the canopy is moulded, having a treillage in the lower mould- 

 ing. The pendants are carved, and bear a lion's bead, above which is the 

 brass railing of the gallery. The lower part of the brasswork consists of 

 roses intertwining. The rest of the brasswork is chiefly twisted. The knobs 

 are enamelled in colour and gilt, and serve to relieve and set off the brass- 

 work. 



The gallery only contains one row of seats, intended for peeresses, and is 

 entered hy a number of small concealed doors in the panelling under the 

 windows. 



The upper tier of panelling is very rich indeed. It is divided on a different 

 plan from the lower panelling, as will be seen from our plate. The upper 

 panels are filled with labels bearing " God save the Queen," upon a ground 

 of vine leaves and grapes in relief. The pillars dividing the panelling are 

 slight and are elegantly carved. They support a cornice decorated with 

 patera: and embattled. Above this again is a hrattishing of trefoils, inter- 

 spersed with finials corresponding to the pillars below. 



The windows are each of eight lights, divided by mullions and transoms, 

 and the upper range of lights subdivided and filled in with quarterfoil tracery. 

 The windows are to be filled with stained glass. On the splay of the jambs 

 the inscription "Vivat Rcgina," is painted many times, the words being 

 separated by quaterfoils, alternately blue and red. 



Between the windows are niches with canopies, in which are to be placed 

 statues of the Barons who signed the Great Charter. The pedestal is sup- 

 ported hy an angel bearing a shield, on which is emblazoned the arms of the 

 Baron. The interior of the niche is diapered, but the canopy, pillurs, &c., 

 are gilt. Above the niches spring the spandrels, to support tlie arched ribs 

 of the windows and the ceiling, being tilled in with quatcfuil tracery, richly 

 jjilt. On the fascia around the House is inscribed repeatedly the motto, 

 " Dieu et mon droit." 



Chromotype. — The most interesting process of photography appears to be 

 that of the Chromatype, discovered by Mr. llobcrt Hunt. It consists in wash- 

 ing good letter paper with the following solution : — Bi-chromate of potash, 

 10 grs. ; sulphate of copper, 20 grs. ; distilled water, 1 oz. Pajiers prepared 

 with this are of a pale yellow colour; they may be kept for any length of 

 time without injury, and are always ready for use. For copying botanical 

 specimens of engravings nothing can be more beautiful. After the paper has 

 been exposed to the influence of sunshine, with the object to be copied super- 

 posed, it is washed over in the dark with a solution of nitrate of silver of mo- 

 derate strength. As soon as this is done a very vivid positive picture makes 

 its appearance ; and all the fixing these protographic pictures lequire is well 

 washing in pure water. 



REVICWS. 



The Tradesman's Book of Ornamental Designs. By Samuel Leitu. 

 Part I. London : \V. S. Orr. 



The progress of ornamental design in this country has created its 

 own circumstances; it his now its own artists, its own societies, and 

 its own literature. Whereas, wlicn we beg.ni our labours io tliik 

 Journal, it was dilTiciilt fur a (gentleman to get his house decorated — 

 and then only under foreign siiperinlendence and with foreign assisi- 

 ance ; in consequence of which, very few persons of competent means 

 gave any encouragement to decoration : now, as in the case of the 

 Baron de Guldsmid's mansion in the Regent's Park, the most admirable 

 designs can be executed by English aid alone. We are convinced 

 that iiad the High Dutch party been allowed to h ive their own way, 

 and to surrender the decorations of the Palace of Parliament to Cor- 

 nelius and the Munich people, the present progress of the arts in 

 England would have never taken place ; and we feel gratified that we 

 were among the earliest to oppose the attempt, and to cl lira a fair 

 trial for Englishmen on their own ground. We do not regret that we 

 then exerted ourselves, and we may say confidently that every effort 

 that has been made of late years to forward the cause of art, has been 

 fairly met, and that there is every encouragement for future exertion. 



Mr. Leith is an artist at Elinburgh, connected with the Board of 

 Trustees for Manufactures in Scotland, and he has been led to bring 

 forward a cheap collection of drawings suitable for tradesmen, with 

 the view of spreading a better knowledge of style and purer elements 

 of taste. In this fiisi number there is, among the examples, some ex- 

 cellent iioo work, particularly perforated railing. The carved stand, 

 which is called Flemish, does not seem to us to have any impress of 

 style. An Italian study of angels, from a drawing made by Guidu 

 Reni, after an earlier master, i~ admirable. There is an Elizabethan 

 vignetti'. We know that a work of this kind is wanted, aud we think 

 that Mr. Leith is likely to prove successful. We shall therefore 

 watch its progress attentively. 



General Talk for Facilitating the Calculation of Earthmorh. Bj 



F. Bashforth, M.A., Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge. 



George Bell, Fleet-street. 



A table for the calculation of earthworks, of sufficient generality to 

 include all cases — and at the same time of easy application — has long 

 been a great desideratum among engineers. The two tables which 

 have been hitherto employed are those of Bidder and Macneill; the 

 great objection to the former is the number aud labour of the opera- 

 tions required, and to the latter that they are not sufficiently compre- 

 hensive. Neither of these objectior.s apply to Mr. Bashforth's sys- 

 tem, which is very simple and easily applied — and moreover has this 

 advantage, that it includes the case of sidelong cuttings. The tables, 

 with the scale for proportioned pans, are not much more bulky than 

 those of Mr. Bidder: the mode of using them we now proceed to 

 describe. 



Suppose two cross sections, a chain apart, to be made through a 

 railway cutting; and first suppose that the slope on either side is 

 unity, aud the heighls of the opposite banks equ d at the same sec- 

 tion, but uniformly decreasing from end to end. If now we suppose 

 the inclined planes to be produced, they will meet in a straight 

 line below the formation level ; and the figure included between the 

 two vertical planes of the sections a chain apart, an inclined plane 

 throiigh the summit of the banks, and the inclined planes of the 

 banks, will be a portion of a pyramid. If, morever, a and b be the 

 vertical depths of the line where the pL.nes of the banks or slopes 

 meet below the summit of tbe cutting at tlie two sections, the volume 



4 i- 6M- cubic 



22 f 

 of the portion of the pyramid will be ^ ;^\a''-\-a 



yards. If, now, the slope, instead of being := 1, had been = r, the 



22. r f 

 volume would have been - ' la--\-ab-\-i-\ cubic yards ; and if 



the distance between the terminal sections had been d cliains, instead 

 of one chain ,tlie above quantity must have been multiplied by d. In 

 order to find a ai.d b, suppose A aud A' the beigl.ts of the portion of 



