1847.] 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT'S JOURNAL. 



225 



allowed to escape by this plan, the compressed air gives additiona 

 force to the blow of the hammer. 



FIGURED SURFACES. 



Arthur Millward, of Birmingham, in the county of Warwick' 

 gentleman, for "certain Lnprortmails in producing figured naif acta' 

 sunken and in relief. "■ — Granted October 15, 184G ; Enrolled April 

 15, 1847. [Reported in Newlon'a London Journal.'] 



This invention is divided into eight parts ; it consists, firstly, in the 

 following method of producing sunken designs on metallic surfaces: — 

 The design is painted, drawn, or otherwise depicted on the metallic 

 surface to be ornamented, or it is imprinted thereon by stencilling or 

 transferring; a thin coat of gold, silver, copper, or oilier metal is de- 

 posited by voltaic electricity or other means on all parts of the surface, 

 except those which are covered by the design, or are, to use the pa- 

 tentee's words, "stopped out;" then the colouring or other materials 

 employed in the stopping out are cleared away, and the surface is 

 connected with the negative pole of a voltaic battery, or electro-mag- 

 netic machine, in whicli the solution employed is of such a nature as 

 to act only on the ground-plate, whereby all those parts of the plate 

 which were covered by the stopping out, but are now laid bare, may 

 be decomposed or eroded to any extent required. Instead of a voltaic 

 battery or electro-magnetic machine being employed, the metallic 

 surface may be immersed in any acid or alkaline or other saline solu- 

 tion, capable of acting on the exposed portions of the surface, but not 

 on the precipitated metal. The sunken design may be intersected in 

 ditl'erent parts by cross lines in relief, so as to present the appearand' 

 of "cross-hatching," by inserting sucli lines with a pencil dipped in 

 varnish, after the plate has been cleared of the stopping out, and be- 

 fore it is subjected to the decomposing or eroding action. 



The second improvement consists in producing sunken designs on 

 metallic surfaces, by first covering the whole of the surface, in the 

 manner above mentioned, with a coat of any suitable metal, and var- 

 nishing the same ; next scraping the design in the varnish; and then 

 subjecting the surface to the decomposing or eroding process, whereby 

 the metal left exposed by the scraping out is removed and the sunken 

 design produced. 



The third improvement consists in producing figures in relief on 

 metallic surfaces, by first coating the same with any suitable metal, 

 and painting, drawing, or otherwise depicting the required design 

 thereon, or imprinting the design upon it by stencilling or transferring; 

 the design is then intersected by indented lines and cross lines, after 

 the manner of line engraving (the whole of the colour or other mate- 

 rial used in laying on the design being cleared away from such lines); 

 and, after this, all those parts of the deposited metal which are left 

 exposed are removed by the eroding process, and the lines of the de- 

 sign only left standing in relief from the ground-plate. 



The fourth improvement consists in the following method of pro- 

 ducing designs in relief: — The surface or ground-plate is varnished 

 all over, and at certain parts the varnish is scraped away to form the 

 required design ; upon the exposed parts a coat of any suitable metal 

 is deposited, and tlie remainder of the varnish is then removed from 

 the plate; after which, the unprotected parts of the ground-plate are 

 removed to the desired extent by the decomposing or eroding pro- 

 cess. 



The fifth part of the invention relates to the production, in metals, 

 of designs which partake of the character of being both sunken and iri 

 relief, and are commonly termed " pierced work." To the ground- 

 plate a thin coat of any suitable metal is applied, by electro-deposi- 

 tion or otherwise, and the design is painted thereon ; all the parts 

 except those beneath the design are then subjected to the decompos- 

 ing process, until the said parts (both ground-plate and coating) are 

 completely eaten through. The colour or other material used in lay- 

 ing on the design may be afterwards cleared away. 



The sixth part of the invention also relates to " pierced work." A 

 metal-plate, on which a raised design has been stamped out, is covered 

 all over with any suitable metal by electro-deposition ; then, by means 

 of a scraper or other tool, the deposited metal is removed from those 

 parts which are to be pierced through ; and, after this, the exposed 

 portions of the plate are decomposed or eroded. The same object 

 may be eliected by cutting through tlie metal deposited on the front 

 of the plate all round the design, when so nmch of the deposited metal 

 as covered the design drops out; and all the parts of the plate from 

 -which the deposited metal has been removed are then dissolved or 

 decomposed by the means before mentioned. Any suitable varnish 

 may be used instead of a coat of metal as the stopping-out material 

 in the above processes. 



The seventh part of the invention relates to the matteniug or dead- 

 ening of articles with plain or figured surfaces, which have been 



manufactured by the processes of stamping, embossing, or casting. 

 The portions of the surface required to be mottened or deadened are 

 covered with varnish or other suitable medium, and the remaining 

 portions of the article are coated with anv suitable metal by electric 

 deposition; the varnish or other medium being then cleared away, 

 the parts of the plate left unprotected are subjected to the decompos- 

 ing process. A similar eiloct maybe produced bv at once stopping 

 out all the parts bat those required to be mattened or deadened, and 

 submitting the plate to the decomposing or eroding process. 



The last part of the interventiun relati's to the production of en- 

 graved surfaces, sunken and in relief, fruin whicli impressions may be 

 taken on paper, cloth, or other suitable material, by the ordinary modes 

 of printing or embossing. If the design is to be siniken, it is painted 

 or otherwise depicted on a plate cr metallic surface; a thin coat of 

 any suitable metal is next deposited upon the uncovered parts; then 

 the colour or other material employed in fornungthe design is cleared 

 away, and the parts of the plate thus left micovered are decomposed 

 or eroded to the required depth. When the design is required to be 

 in relief, the plate first receives a coat of any suitable metal; the de- 

 sign is then painted thereon; and those portions of the deposited 

 metal which are not covered by the design are decomposed, leaving 

 the design standing out in strong and clear relief. 



The patentee claims. Firstly, — the producing of sunken figured sur- 

 faces by the combination of paintinsj, drawing, transferring, stencilling, 

 or other known pi-ocesses of delineating objects with the direct action 

 of voltaic electricity, in the manner above ilescribed. Secondly, — the. 

 producing of sunken figured surfaces by the employment of a com- 

 bination of metallic precipitates or deposits with the direct action of 

 voltaic electricity, as above described. Thirdly, — the producing of 

 figured surfaces in relief by the combination of metallic deposits with 

 painting, drawing, transferring, stencilling, or other known processes 

 of delineating objects, and with or without the addition of the process 

 of line-indenting or engraving, as above described. Fourthly, — the 

 producing of figured surfaces in relief by the combination ot the pro- 

 cesses of varnishing and scraping out with the metallic deposits, and 

 the direct action of voltaic electricity, or acid or alkaline or other 

 saline solution, as above described. Fifthly, and Sixthly, — the pro- 

 ducing of pierced work by all or any of the processes described under 

 the filth and sixth heads of this invention. Seventhly, — the process 

 of mattening or deadening plain and figured surfaces, above described. 

 Eighthly, — the production of figured surfaces, sunken or in relief, for 

 the purpose of printing from or embossing, by the processes described 

 under the last head of the invention. 



SHEET METAL AND PAINT. 



Baron Charles Wetterstedt, of Rliodeswell-road, Limehouse, 

 for " Improvements in the manufacture of sheet metal for sheathing and 

 other purposes, in preventing the corrosion of metal, and in preserving 

 wood and other materials." — Granted Nov. 3, ISIG ; Enrolled May 3, 

 1847. 



This invention consists, first, of a mode of manufacturing lead into 

 sheets for various purposes; secondly, of a mode of manufacturing 

 copper into sheets, and in combining metals to be afterwards rolled 

 into sheets for sheathing and for other purposes; and, thirdly, of ma- 

 nufacturing composition or paints for preventing corrosion of metal 

 and for preserving wood and other materials. 



First, for manufacturing lead into sheets, there is to be added to 

 the lead, when in a melted state, a quantity of regains of antimony, 

 in the proportion of from one to two parts in weight to 100 parts <jt 

 lead; the same is to be well stirred and the impurities skimmed oft", 

 when the mixture may be poured out and rolled into sheets in the 

 same manner as lead. 



The second part of the invention is the manufacturing copper into 

 sheets. When the copper is in the refining furnace and just before 

 it is to be run out according to the ordinary process, there is added a 

 quantity of regulus of antimony in the proportion of lib. to about 

 200 1b. of copper; and at the same time about 21b. to 3 lb. of calcined 

 soda, heated to such a degree as to be just previous to melting, and 

 after stirring the whole of this mass together and skimming the sur- 

 face, it may be run into moulds in the ordinary manner and afterwards 

 rolled. 



Another part of the invention is for combining copper and other 

 metals to be rolled into sheets for sheathing and other purposes. Two 

 furnaces are to be used, side by side, one for refined copper, kept 

 ready to be run out into the moulds; and in the other yellow metal 

 (Muntz's patent inetaij. Take one part of copper and four or five 

 parts of yellow metal, and pour them into a mould of cast or wrought 

 iron coated with clay and sand; and heat the same to u red heat, when 



31 



