318 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECTS JOURNAL. 



[OOT 



A is the main pipe for conducting the propelling water from the 

 head, or reservoir, to the pyramidal air chamber. This pipe descends 



Fig. 3. Perspective view. Fig. 2. TranjBveTse section. Fig. 1. Longitudinal section. 



bplow tlie level of thit portion of it vfhicli connects with the air 

 chamber just before it reaches the said chamber, and tlieii ascends, in 

 a curved line to it, forming a curved bend in the pipe, as at A', for the 

 purpose of preventing the air recrived at the valve B, during the 

 time in which tlie vacuum is produced in the air and water chamber, 

 as hereafter described, from filling the pipe A, as the air will not de- 

 .«cend at said bend in the tube, so that the surplus of said air, after 

 having tilled the condensing chamber L, may be carried off, by the 

 current cf water, through the valve B. 



The pipe A is enlarged below the air chamber L, as at A-, and has 

 an opening O into the air chamber S, through which the water passes 

 when the valve B is closed. 



B is a valve attacheil to a curved, vibrating lever C, turning on 

 gudgeons D, in boxes, as its fulcrum, having a set screw E, for regu- 

 lating the descent of the valve, and a counter-balance F, for adjusting 

 the valve. When this valve B is down, as shown in fig. 3, the water 

 from the head flows through the opening, which it closes ; when it is 

 up, as shown in fig. 1, the water rises into the pyramidal chamber L, 

 through the opening O, and condenses the air therein. 



H is a pipe for conveying the spring water to the spring water 

 chamber. I is the air chamber into which the water is forced. J is 

 the valve for holding it. K is a pipe or hose, for conveying the water 

 to its pi ice of destination. The above-named parts, lettered from A 

 to K, inclusive, are ma<le and operated in the usual manner. The im- 

 provements are as follows : 



L is a pyramidal chamber into which air is admitted through the 

 valve B, when it descends by the pressure of the external air, to 

 supply the partial vacuum created in the pipe A, and chambers L 

 and N. 



This pyramidal chamber has a communication, by a small opening 

 M at the top, with another chamber N, called the spring or pure 

 water chamber; through which opening M, the air, so condensed, is 

 forced, and presses on the spring or other water, introduced into the 

 same through the pipe H, by which pressure, the water in the spring 

 water chamber is forced upward through a tube P, reaching to near 

 the bottom of the chamber N, through the valve J, into the air cham- 

 ber I; said valve being represented as open in fig. 1, and as closed in 

 fig. 2. 



To raise water with this machine, open the valve B, and let the 

 water flow out; then, by closing the valve B, the water, vfhich is now 

 in motion in the pipe A, will pass through the opening O, into the 

 pyramidal condensing chamber L, and condense the air the same as 

 before; the condensed air will force the spring water up the tube P, 

 (which had entered through the pipe H during the continuance of the 

 partial vacuum above spoken of), into the chamber I, and condense 

 the air therein, until its density is equal to that in the condensing 

 chambers L, and N, below; at this time the spring water will cease to 

 flow into the air chamber I, the valve J closes, and the air in the cham- 

 bers I, L, and N, commences expanding, that in the lower chambers, 

 L and N, giving motion to the propelling fluid and driving backward, 

 producing a partial vacuum in the machine, and the air in the upper 

 chamber I, forcing the spring water to its place of destination. 



The said partial v.icuum in the machine, caused by the reaction of 

 the m.icliine, as aforesaid, and the pressure of the exteral atmosphere 

 on the valve B, will cause it to open again. The water from the head 

 then flows through this valve with an accelerating movement, until it 

 has acquired that degree of velocity as to cause the valve to close. 

 The water having no longer any vent through the valve B, passes 

 through the opening O, into the pyramidal chamber L, and repeats 

 the operation above mentioned successively. 



In this manner the operation will continue as long as the machine 

 remains in order and there is a head of water to propel it. The valve 



V is for the purpose of supplying the chamber I with air, by admit- 

 ting the air into the tube P. The said air is admitted during the time 

 that the partial vacuum above mentioned takes place. The air thus 

 introduced into the tube P ascends to the top of the same, and is 

 forced into the chamber I at the next stroke of the machine ; said 

 vdve V is represenied open in fig. 2, and may be closed, or regulated, 

 by screwing the thumb-screw V. 



The principal advantages this machine possesses over other ma- 

 chines are, 



1st. In case of forcing up pure water by the propelling power of a 

 running stream of water less pure, there is no possibility of the im- 

 pure water mixing with the pure, there being at that tims a column 

 of condensed air between the two waters. 



2nd. The water being forced into the upper chamber I, by the con- 

 densation of air in the lower chamber, the valve J opens more slowly 

 than when water alone is made tht propelling m -dium, and also shuts 

 more slowly, thereby preventing the water from escaping back through 

 the valve J after it is forced up — the valve J being nearly closed when 

 the water ceases to flow upward into the chamber L. This advantage 

 upon trial is found to be of considerable importance, en ibling the 

 machine, thus operated, to force, with a given qu mtity of water, 

 several barrels more of water per day than it would otherwise do. 



3rd. There being no valve between the condensed air in the lower 

 chamber and the driving water, or at the opening O, the said air is 

 permitted to act a longer time in forcing back the driving water, and 

 thereby making a more complete vacuum than in other machines, and 

 rendering useless the spring for opening the outlet valve B, as used in 

 several machines. 



It is not necessary that the spring vpater chamber N, and the air 

 chamber L, should be enclosed by the same envelope, but they may 

 form separate chambers, and they may be arranged in any convenient 

 way or manner most acceptable to the constructor, provided that the 

 capacity of the air ch imber does not exceed a due ratio between the 

 propelling power and the water to be raised. 



LOCOMOTIVE AXLE BOX. 



Description of " a vibrating box for locomotive axles" bv Xo§RlS 

 and TuLL, of Philadelphia, U.S., June, 18415. 



The arrangement of this box allows it to revolve in a vertical plane, 

 at the same time that it floats up and down, the journals of the drivers 

 having, at all times, their full bearing upon the box; let the axle 

 assume any position from a horizontal line caused by inequalities of 

 the road, or the consequent raising of the outer rail, in passing curves, 

 which must necessarily reduce friction in a great degree, and insure 

 the more perfect working of the engine, without producing any undue 

 strain in its several parts, and has only to overcome the friction which 



Fig. 1. 



Fig.: 



-»« 



is due to the surfaces upon which it works. This evil has idways 

 been overlooked in the construction of locomolive.s, and which must 

 occur when a box floats vertically in a pedestal. Fig. 1, elevation of 



