336 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHlTECrS JOURNAL. 



[Oct. 



general reservoir into which the diflerent masses of water may be conreyed 

 by means of channels of communication. 



jWoii of Mercury. — The result of M. Person's experiments on the con- 

 celiilion of mercury, and the latent heat effusion, is ihat tlie heat requisite 

 for the fusion of mercury is about eight times that required to change the 

 temperature of water one degree. M. Person observes that ihe quantity of 

 heat necessary for tlie fusion of melals is according to the order of iheir 

 tenacity. 



Stiam Power. — It appears from a recent official return that the total 

 number of steam engines in France in 1«45 was 207; in 1810, it was only 

 109. Another return respecting the produce of the iron mines states that 

 in 1845 the quantity of iron cast was 439,000 tons, whereas in 1825 the 

 quantity was only 190,000. The price of bar iron, which in 1825 was 48f. 

 Ilie 100 kilogrammes, was in 1845 only 34f. 



Uemoriitg useless f tn«'s.— The following remarks are from a correspon- 

 dent of the S'llisbury Journ«;:— "I contend that thousands of sacks of 

 corn may be grown annually in this country more than at present, were 

 landowners and tenant-farmers to turn their attention more than many of 

 them do to the removal of useless fences. I am of opinion that many of 

 llie landowners have imbibed the notion that farmers are anxious to tear 

 up their fences for the ptirpose of destroying game ; but this is very far 

 from being the greatest evil arising from having loo many fences, hedge- 

 rows, kc. By allowing too many of these nuisances (for I know no bet- 

 ter lerin for them) to remain on your farm, you not only lose Ihe crop the 

 land which they occupy would bear, but also the produce of several yards 

 of laud on each side of the same. One farmer has a field of 40 acres to 

 "et sown to wheat; another has Ihe same quantity of land, but in four or 

 live dilferent fields. They both begin sowing on the same day, and follow 

 Ihe work till it is completed; and while the one is ploughiug his head- 

 pieces, and turning about his horses so many limes, the other completes 

 the work ; and the farmer who has his 40 acres in so many fields is a day 

 and a half or two days later than the other. This is another very great 

 advantage arising from having fields large. Some landlords will say, if 

 they allow their tenants to break up so many of their fences, they shall 

 have no cover for their game. 1 would say to every landowner throughout 

 the kingdom, get yonr tenants out of ihe detestable practice, which many 

 of them have got into, of sowing barley after wheat, or any sort of straw 

 crop, in two succeeding years. Let them keep their farms well filled with 

 turnips and every other sort of green crops, and this will make plenty of 

 cover for game, and be the means of keeping the land in a fit state to sow 

 corn on. I would again reiterate Ihe cry throughout the land, ' Down 

 with all unnecessary fences,' as it will ultimately prove a very great benefit 

 to the landlord as well as the tenant. And where fences are really neces- 

 sary on arable lands, let them be kept neatly shorn down, so that they may 

 not shade the ground on either side, nor prove a harbour to sparrows, 

 linnets, and many other destructive birds, which destroy annually in this 

 country hundreds, and I think I should not be going too far if I were to 

 say thousands, of sacks of corn." 



Free Trade. — Among the importations from Antwerp lately, was a cargo 

 of roofing tiles. This is understood to have been the first imported from 

 abroad, and it appears to be the commencement of a new trade, as it is 

 said there is another vessel on its way, and that a large quantity is still 

 ready for shipment. 



Irish Instil ute of Architects.— .\. deputation of the members of this body 

 waited on his Excellency, the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, headed by Sir 

 Kichard Morrison, with an address in which they deplore the condition of 

 Irish architecture. His Excellency, in reply, said :— " It is not for me, 

 gentlemen, to analyse the causes which may have led to the slate of things 

 of which you naturally complain, however strange it must appear to me 

 Ihat architecture should not be duly esteemed in Dublin, one of the most 

 picturesque cities in her Majesty's dominions, and adorned as it is by so 

 many noble public edifices, or in a coiinlry where such magnificent man- 

 sions exist, where genius is not rare, and taste and talent abound ; but if 

 happier days, as I venture to hope, are in store for Ireland, they must 

 bring with them that encouragement of art and science which always marks 

 a nation's progress, and they will strengthen a conviction, now on all sides 

 manifesting itself, that the social condition of her people must be elevated. 

 Towards carrying out this pressing and national object, Ihe Royal Institute 

 of the architects of Ireland may, as it seems to me, powerfully co-operate ; 

 for when it is considered how much requires to be done towards the im- 

 provement of towns, and thereby ameliorating the sanitary condition of the 

 people, and how little care has hitherto been bestowed upon the dwellings 

 of the humbler classes of our fellow subjects, that the places of religious 

 worship, schools, hospitals, and asylums, are insufficient for the wauts of 

 the country, a wide sphere of usefulness is manifestly open to a scieulific 

 and practical body such as yours ; and I feel sure that the architects of 

 Ireland, like the most eminent men of their profession in every country, 

 will at all times be found ready and anxious to aid the great work of social 

 improvement." 



Military Cemetery .—It is stated that the Duke of Wellington, as Com- 

 mander-in-Chief, has given his sanction to the formation of a grand ceme- 

 tery and mausoleum on Shooter's Hill, for the officers of the British army 

 and navy, as well as those in the East India Company's Service. The 

 mausoleum will rise in the centre of the ground, on the spot where Seven- 

 droog Caslle now stands. It is to be raised in a series of terraces — the 

 substruclion of which will afford space for ten thousand catacombs. 



Great Xassau Tunnel. — The great tunnel through the mountain on which 

 stands the town of Weilhurg, in Ihe Duchy of Nassau, formed for improv- 

 ing the bed of the Lalio, has just been terminated after five years' con- 

 tinuous labour. The waters of ihe Lahn were to be let into the tunnel on 

 the 12th, and 2,000 gas lamps were to be lighted, and always kept burning. 

 The formal inauguration of the gigantic work is to take place on Oct. 15. 



The Furtijicntiuns of Shterness, says the Kent Obseri-er, are fast ap- 

 proaching completion. With the exception of a few yards towards the sea 

 the whole line is finished, the gun-carriages fined, all the smaller guns 

 mounted, and several of the larger ones are to be seen peeping over lh>! 

 parapet. Last week excavations were commenced in the open space op 

 posite Ihe dockyard chapel, preparatory to laying the foundation for an 

 extensive range of barracks, and the road between Mile Town and Blue 

 Town has been closed for five or six weeks past, a temporary road having 

 been made round by the beach, whilst two new drawbridges, with bastions 

 and oiher defences, are being constructed. 



LIST OP NE'W PATENTS. 



GRANTED IN ENGLAND FROM SEPTEMBER 2, TO SEPTEMBER 23, 1847. 



Six Months atlowed/br Enrolment, unless otherwise expressed. 



Henry Davy, of Ottery. St. Mary, Devon, fjentleman, for " Improvementa for separating 

 copper and other metals from tlieir ores." — Sealed September 2. 



Robert Oxland. of Plymouth, chemist, for " Improvements in dyeing, parts of which 

 improvements are applicable to the manufacture of metallie alloys." — Sept. 2. 



Richard Madigan, of Haverstock-HiU, Middlesex, civil engineer, for " Imprortments 

 in railway turn tables." — Sept. 2. 



Charles Chabot, of Skinner-street, Snoiv-hill, City, zincographer and engraver, for " Im- 

 provements in railway carriages, and in the buflers and other apparatus connected with 

 such carriages." — September 'J. 



Sykes Ward, of Leeds, for " Improvements in communicating motive power which »re 

 applicable to working ot breaks on railways; and also improvements in communicating 

 intelligence signals and motive power by the agency of voltaic agency." — Sept. 2. 



Thomas Foster, of Strsatbam, Surrey, manufacturer, for " Improvements in machinery 

 for cutting india-rubber, in rendering fabrics waterproof, and in making articles from 

 fabrics so renderad, waterproof, and in dissolving india-rubber and other gums." — Sep- 

 tember 2. 



John Mitchell Rose, of the firm of Rudall and Rose, of Tavistock-street. Covent- garden, 

 musical instrument makers, for "certain Improvements in flutes, clarionets, and other 

 similar wind-instruments." {A communication.) — September 6. 



Henry Vint, of St. Mary's Lodge, Colchester, gentleman, for ** Improvements In pro- 

 pelling ships, and other vessels." — September 6. 



John Barke Gustavas Ferryman, of Cheltenham, gentleman, for "certain Improve- 

 ments in handles to be applied to various articles for containing liquids or other matters 

 liable to be spilt." — September 6. 



James Leadbetter, of Over Darwen, in the county of Lancaster, brazier, and William 

 Pierce, of the same place, mechanic, for " certain Improvements in raacbinery or appa- 

 ratas for raising water and other fluids." — September ff. 



Thomas Marsden. of Salford, in the county of Lancaster, machine.maker. for " Im. 

 provements in machinery for dressing or combing flax, wool, and other fibrous sub- 

 stances."— September (J. 



Joseph Clinton Robertson, of Fleet-street. London, for "certain Improvements in the 

 manufacture of metals from their ores." (A communication.) — September 9. 



James Sims, of Redruth, in the county of Cornwall, civil engineer, tor "certain Im- 

 provements in steam-engines." — September 9. 



William Gibbons, of Corbyn's Hall, near Dudley, Worcester, for "certain Improve- 

 ments in trussing beams and girders." — September y. 



Thomas Battye, Woburo-place, Middlesex, gentleman, for " an Improved mode of re- 

 taining the waist of the human body in a desirable formj without producing the incon- 

 venience resulting from too tight-lacing of stays or corsets, or buckling of belts, waist- 

 bands, or girdles."— September 9. 



John Blyth, and Alfred Blyth, both of St. Ann's, Limehouse, engineers, and John 

 M'Culloch, of Masernore-cottages, Old Kent Road, Surrey, chemist, for " certain Im- 

 provements in apparatus for distilling and rectifying." — September 9. 



Frederick Steiner, of Hyndburn. cottage, Lancaster, for " Improvements in the manu- 

 facture of sugar."— September 9. 



Connor William O'Leary, of Tralee, in the county of Kerry, Ireland, for " certain Im- 

 provements in the methods of producing power for the discharge of weapons and mis- 

 siles, and other purposes." — September U. 



William Brockedon. of Devonshire-street, Queen's Square, for " Improvements In 

 heating rooms or apartments." — September 9. 



Clarence Augustus Kurti, of Manchester, for " certain Improvements in the mode of 

 preparing and using indigo -in the dyeing and printing of woollen, cotton, and other 

 labrics." — September 9. 



James Pitt, of Cheyne-walk, Chelsea, gentleman, for " Improvemeoti in apparatus for 

 holding down trowsers."— September 9. 



David Morgan, of Morriston, in the county of Glamorgan, coppersmith, and John 

 Borlax Jenkins, of Middle Bank, same county, copper agent, for *' certain Improvements 

 in the manufacture of copper and other metal cylinders or rollers for the printing of silks 

 and other fabrics, and lor other similar purposes, and in casting copper and other metal 

 cylinders, tubes, or rollers, hollow and free from air bubbles." — Seplember9- 



William Hancock, of Pentonville, gentleman, for " certain Improvements in bolts, 

 locks, and other fastenings.'' — September 16. 



George Bell, of the city of Dublin, merchant, for " Improvements in gas tar, by meant 

 of which improvements it may be used as a substitute for oil paint, which he intends to 

 designate as patent mineral paint." — September 23. 



John Dickinson, of 6.5, Old Bailey, stationer, for " certain Improvements in the manu- 

 facture of paper." — September 23. 



Arthur Harry Johnson, of Gresham-street, city, assayer, for " Improvements in refinlag 

 silver lead by effecting a saving in one of the materials used."— September 23. 



Henry Newton, of Lisson Mill. Derby, cotton-spinner, for " Improvements in splODing 

 and doubling cotton and other hbrous substances."— September 23. 



