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THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHlTECrS JOURNAL. 



[Dec 



vanes, through the open ends of the short cylinder, and, in the latter 

 case, passing out at the ends of the cylinder, and down the suctiou- 

 pipe. Tlie velocity of this machine, when employed for raising 

 water, should not be less than 150 revolutions per minute ; and, when 

 employed for pneumatic purposes, about 1400 revolulions per minute. 

 The inventor claims the combination and arrangement set forth as 

 constituting improvements in certain hydraulic and pneumatic mi- 

 chines ; and secondly, the combinations and arrangement of a high- 

 pressure engine for such purposes. 



COPYING PRESSES. 



WiLl-lAM Henry Kempton, of South-street, Pentonville, gentle- 

 man, for "Improvements in copying presses" — Granted March 23 ( 

 Enrolled Sept. 23, 1847. 



This invention consists of a copying press so arranged that the act 

 of shutting a lid or cover acting on a bed or surface is, by tlie resist- 

 ance of a spring or springs, caused to produce the requisite pressure 

 for copying letters or other documents, as shown in the annexed en- 

 graving. Fig. 1 is a plan of the copying press open, and fig. 2 a sec- 

 Fig. 1. 



Fig. 2. 



tion thereof, the lid or cover being closed, a, the frame ; 6, the bed, 

 constantly pushed upwards by a spring or springs, c, for giving the 

 requisite elasticity between the bed b, and the lid or cover e. f, stops 

 to prevent the bed or surface, b, rising loo high. The letter or other 

 documi nt with damped paper and other miiterials, as in other flat 

 copying presses, are to be placed on the surface of the bed b, and 

 then the act of closing the lid e, will cause the bed 6, to be pressed 

 downwards, and the lid is to be retained shut by a bolt g, for a short 

 time, when the desired copyright will be obtained. 



OIL-CAKE PRESSER. 



Jame3 Robson, of Dover, Kent, engineer, for "a new and improved 

 instrument to be used in expressing oil from vegetable and other sub- 

 stances, and in making oil-cake, <Jc." — Granted April 15 ; Enrolled 

 Oct. 15, 1847. 



When manufacturing oil-cake, it is usual to employ instruments 

 made of horse-hair, called "hairs," for enclosing the flannel bags con- 

 taining the substance to be pressed ; but, in consequence of the horse- 

 hair fabric soon becoming clogged, the patentee substitutes an instru- 

 ment constructed of metal, as shown in the annexed engravings. 



is- 2. 



Fig. 1 is the interior view, and fig. 2 the exterior of the instrument, 

 in an open or extended slate ; fig, 3 a longitudinal section, and fig. 4 



Fig. 3. 



Fig. 4. 



a transverse section, of the instrument, a, b, are two metal plates or 

 flaps, corresponding to those hitherto made of horse-hair cloth ; but 

 the shape may be varied, c, is a leather hinge, connecting the two 

 plates ; and d, a handle. Along the sides of the plates, and at the 

 end of the plate 6 ;>. rim is formed, to prevent the material from 

 being prepsed beyond the edges of the plates. Across the inner side 

 of each plate, a series ot ridges and depressioi;S are roa<le, in 

 such a manner that when the instrument is closed, the ridges on the 

 plate a, will come opposite the depressions in the plate 6; and through 

 the sunken portions of each plate a series of holes h, are formed, 

 opening into grooves /, across the back of the plates : these holes 

 may be one-sixteenth of an inch in diameter, and half an inch apart ; 

 but the patentee does not confine himself to these dimensions. The 

 linseed or other matter to be pressed is prepared and placed between 

 the plates, and pressed in the same way as when using a like instru- 

 ment made of hair. 



RAILWAY CHAIRS AND FASTENINGS. 



Charles May, of Ipswich, Suffolk, civil engineer, for "Improve- 

 ments in railway cliairs, the fastenings to be used Iheretvith, and in 

 trenails." — Granted March 27; Enrolled September 27, 1S47. 



The first part of this invention consists of improvements in manu- 

 facturing railway chairs. In performing this part of the invention the 

 mould is formed in a similar manner to that described in Ransome 

 and May's patent of Feb. 1841, in v\hich side plates of metal are used 

 to form part of the mould and for guiding the core. This part of 

 the invention consists of forming the core for the interior of the jaw 

 of a chair, with sand upon a metal interior, or core-bar, combined 

 with the using of metal side-plates or surfaces as part of a mould, and 

 as supports to the core. This part of the invention also consists of 

 having a cross-bar attached to the flask, into which the tail-end of the 

 core projects. And further, it consists of using metal cores for cast- 

 ing the holes for the trenails or fastenings. 



Fig. 1. 



Fig. 2. 



Fig. 1, shows a longitudinal section ; fig. 2, a plan of a flask, with a 

 sand-mould representing a chair cast on to a core, the top side of the 

 mould being removed. To produce a clean or chill surface in certain 

 parts of the chair, the iron part of the core is left to come in contact 

 with the melted metal, as is shown at a, fig. 1 ; the extent and portion 

 of this clean or chill surface may be varied. To produce clean or 

 chill holes for the trenails, the metal cores at b, b, are used ; 



or 



is a 



