94 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECTS JOURNAL. 



[March, 



son to keep my name in remembrance; and he called 

 the pillar after his own name, and it is called unto 

 this day Absalom's place." Wren calls it " the 

 most observable monument of the Tyrian style." 

 " It were to be wished," says he, " some skilful ar- 

 tist would give us the exact dimensions to inches, 

 by wb.ich we might have a true idea of the ancient 

 Tyrian manner." 



Labyrinths are amongst the earliest and most 

 astonishing of architectural works; they were found 

 in Egypt, Crete, Lemnos, and Tuscany. Herodotus 

 describes them as surpassing in extent and magnifi- 

 cence : the one he describes (Eut. cxlviii.) was 

 composed of 12 courts, having apartments of two 

 kinds, 1500 above the surface of the ground and 

 as many beneath, in which were the tombs of their 

 kings. " No one could enter them," says Diodorus 

 Sicnlus, " without a guide." Yet Pliny tells us 

 they were not contrived like the ornament com- 

 monly called by that name ; in that of Lemnos, 

 says he, were 150 columns turned in a lathe, which 

 a child could move ; and this is remarkable as 

 evidence of the use of such a machine in the capi- 

 tals of the Parthenon, which has been always sup- 

 posed. 



The living use of the Labyrinth is left to conjec- 

 ture; but we may easily conceive their adaptation 

 to a people of castes, with whom they might be 

 colleges for those aristocratic classes surrounding 

 the throne. We are told that all the youth of 

 Egypt, born on the same day with Sesostris, were 

 set apart and educated with the young prince, and 

 thus it was that he found himself surrounded in 

 manhood by attached companions, who carried his 

 conquests and his fame to the greatest height. 

 Where could so vast a generation be educated but 

 in the Labyrinth ? 



The Professor doubted the interpretation com- 

 monly applied to the so called temples of Egypt ; 

 be believed them to be rather temple palaces, in 

 which the temporal administration of a great coun- 

 try was carried on, together with the spiritual. 

 The ruins of Karnac covered 10 acres. Within the 

 walls was inclosed a space equal to the whole 

 length of St. James's Street, and four times its 

 width. The comparison of this plan with that of 

 the Louvre and its courts, with the use of which 

 we are familiar (and exhibited with plans of Luxor 

 and Dendera, and Diocletian's palace, and others 

 drawn to the same scale), would show the high 

 improbability of the employment of such vast 

 spaces for the priesthood alone ; and it could be 

 shown, especially at Dendera, that all the public 

 business of the realm might be conducted there, 

 and that the Pharaoh himself very probably re- 

 sided, as in the Arab villages at this day, upon the 

 F road terraces which these vast buildings afforded, 

 raised into the air, and removed from the vermin, 

 inundations, mirage, and confinement, to which the 

 habitations on the soil of Egypt were subject. 



The Pharaoh united the offices of monarch and 

 high priest, and all the dignity and imposing awe 

 which the arts could afford, were associated with 

 his presence. The palace was approached through 

 an avenue of sphynxes of a mile in length. The 

 Pylac were seen afar off raising a vast front of uni- 

 form surface, on which were engraved on one side 

 the Pharoah in his warlike attributes reviewing his 

 troops, charging the enemy, whom he annihilates 

 at a stroke, besieging cities ; on the other, in his 

 peaceful, administering justice, and the more sacred 

 duties of his priestly office. In front of this were 

 obelisks (the smallest of which is now in Paris), 

 and colossal figures of the Pharaohs. 



The first court equals in size Waterloo Place, 

 from the column to Pall Mall. Here, under a co- 

 lonade, " the King sat in the gate," with " his 

 princes and counsellors ;" this was " his porch of 

 judgment," the sculpture and painting of the ceil- 

 ing symbolized appropriately the passage of the 

 soul through human vicissitudes to a final judg- 

 ment. 



The columnar grove beyond, 325 feet by 266, 

 afforded a waiting hall (the only cool one in 

 (Egypt for all the court, so pompously described 



BEFORE CHRIST. 



Dates, 

 Authors, 

 Patrons, 



Events. 



architectural 

 Writers. 



Eminent 

 Architects. 



1800 

 Amos or 



Cheops 

 Joseph or 



Chephren 



Pyramid 

 Pvramid 



700 Theodorus 



Chersiphron Metagenes 



Rhoecus Temple of Juno at Samos 



Zoilus Rholus 1st Temple of Diana at Ephesus 



T. of Jupiter Panellenius of .Egina 

 Agamedes Trophonius Temple of Cybele at Sardes 



1st Temple of Apollo Didymeus 



600 

 Ezra Antistates Calleschros 



.Eschylus Agatarchus Democritus Antimachides Porinos 

 Anaxagoras Silenus 



1st Temple of Pallas at Priene 



1st T. of Jupiter Olympius, Athens 

 Temple of Jupiter Olympius. Elis 

 Theatre of Bacchus at Athens 



500 Ictinus Carpion 



Theodorus 

 Pericles phoceus 



Argelius 

 Herodotus Satyrus Phyteus 

 Thucvdides 



C'allicrates Mnesicles Temple of Ceres Eleusina 

 Agaptus Libon Parthenon, Propylcca 



Pheax T. vEsculapius, Tralles. T. Selinus 



T. Jupiter Olympius, Agrigentum 

 Mausoleum. Temple at Cyrene 



400 Hermogenes Nexaris Ma:sthes Callias T. Diana, Magnesia. T.Bacchus, 



Pytheus Theocydes Tarchesius Archias Teos 



Demophilos Pollis Daphnis Demetrjus 2nd T. Priene. 2nd T. Ephesus 



Leonides Philo Denocrates Lycicratus 2nd Temple of Apollo 



Peonius Pharos at Alexandria 



Diodorus 

 Strabo 



Fussitius 



Terrentius Varro Mutius 



Publius Sattimius 



Hermodorus 



Valerius 



Saurus 



Cyrus 



Batrachus 



Temple of Jupiter Stator 

 Temple of Honour aud Virtue 

 2nd Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus 



Basilica at Fano in Italy 



