16 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT'S JOURNAL. 



[January, 



to run any risk of making a gaud of tliis restoration of tlie Parthenon, or to 

 depart from that severe simplicity which is the characteristic of all the art 

 of Phidias." 



In one other point of view, \vc rejoice at tlic adoption of tliis model hy 

 the Museum ; — we think it calculated to help the siulptor to his place in 

 England, and inspire him with the determination to take it. Nowhere does 

 the genius of sculpture seem so yreat as in the Parthenon. There is no 

 other work in which its marvels have heeu turned to such epic account ; and 

 though we liesitate to go all the way with Mr. Lucas, who supposes the 

 temple itself to have been designed as a mere pedestal for the foot of the 

 <jenius — a frame for the sculptor to work on — yet certain it is that if, in 

 this unrivalled union of ,the Arts, there be one spirit that presides over the 

 others with authority, it is sculpture. But the true lesson taught hy this 

 temple is the oneuess and entirety of Art — the joint and harmonious contri- 

 bution of its several forms to the production of a great whole — the emhodi. 

 ment of a perfect thought — in proportions varying with the demands of the 

 particular subject. 'I'hat splitting into separate members of the great family 

 of Art, which has left something unsatisfactory in its best achievements in 

 England, is authoritatively rebuked in presence of this majestic result pro- 

 duced by their combination. Most of all, in this presence, is that ignorant 

 error detected which has assigned to sculpture, amongst ourselves, a lower 

 -place than the highest in Art. Hy academicians who have given it the coal- 

 hole, it is well it should be seen here with the glory on its brow; and the 

 sculptor who is content to work as the mere decorator to the architect — 

 called in to ornament, as with mere artistic surplusage, /lis finished and self- 

 reliant design — may learn how, as a master, sculpture wrought in Greece. 

 The architect and the sculptor, where they are not one, must jjltin together. 

 Sculpture must be a portion of the sou! of great architectural works, not 

 their garment, ere the one or the other can achieve, with us, the marvels 

 which have testified so long in vain of the old Greek spirituality. Till 

 sculpture shall be architectoric, its great destinies cannot be accomplished 

 amongst us. The sculptor who comes fresh from the study of the Parthenon 

 will feel that he is a minister in the very highest place of Art ; and the 

 public, instructed by the same great revelation, will, if the former he true 

 to himself, help to get him his own again in the new era of Art which is 

 daw-niiig over England. 



Ihe other model is as yet unfinished— and unpurchased. We trust the 

 Museum will add it to the other ; and shall have some words to say of it 

 when complete. The models are, severally, twelve feet in length hy nearly 

 sis in width. 



REGISTER OF NEW PATENTS. 



If additioral information be required respecling any patent, it may be obtained at tlie 

 office of tliis Jouniul. 



John Cleveland Palmer, of East Iladdara, for " Improvements in 

 mac/linen/ for maklny augurs," in:. — Granted -March 17 ; Enrolled Septem- 

 ber 17, 1845. 



The object of the mechanism is for manufacturing the " single twist" 

 augur, usually made of a rod of metal, twisted round a cylinder into a helical 

 curve. The augur which the inventor's machinery is intended to manufac- 

 ture is to be formed of a long rod of metal (cither of a triangular or other 

 proper shape, in its cross section). The iron should be rolled in square bars 

 or rods, of the size required, and be cut into pieces of sufficient length, to 

 make the tool or instrument intended. A small piece of steel of proper size 

 for the cutting lip, (and the conical screw, if it is to be added,) is next 

 welded upon one end of each one of the said pieces, and the end is next 

 turned or bent down, at right angles to the remainder, upon an anvil, so as 

 to fit into the cavityof the lower section of the dies, for forming the lip, or 

 the lip and screw cone. About three-fourths of the length of the rod from 

 the steel knob, is next heated to the necessary temperature, to he rolled 

 down by the next portion of the machinery. The next portion of the pro- 

 cess of manufacturing the augur consists in forming the cutting lip, or the 

 cutting lip and conical screw blauk upon its end. For this purpose, dies are 

 employed to form the lip without the conic blank. The head of steel being 

 heated, is placed between tiic dies, and the upper of them caused to descend, 

 with the force necessary to swedge or compress the metal into the shape 

 required. The knob thus formed , is next bent down to the angle required, 

 to be applied to tne machine, by which the rod is twisted in the helical 

 curve. The next operation is, to give the requisite degree of uniformity to 

 the size and spread of the ^twist, which is accomplished hy hammering in 

 the machine, consisting of a trip hammer, arranged and operated over and 

 upon a die anvil or bed-piece, grooved out, so as to receive the twisted 

 heli.v when laid thereon. IJy turning the augur around, first in one direction 

 and next in the opposite, successively, so as to cause it to pass back and 

 forth between the hammer and bed-piece or anvil, the twist is spread out in 

 a uniform manner. The lower part of the hammer should be curved to cor- 

 resj)ond with the circumference of the exterior of the twist of the augur. 

 The twisted portion of the augur is again heated, and rolled between heavy 

 iron plates, for the purpose of straightening the twist, during which opera- 

 tion, care shouhl be taken that the cutting lip of the augur does not come in 

 contact with the plates. The augur is next to be finished hy filing, and 

 upon grinding and polishing wheels, or by other proper means, in such man- 

 ner as may be desirable; and when a screw is to be connected with the 



cutting lip, it may be cut upon the blank by any contrivance adapted to the 

 pur|>ose. 



William Robinson IMilley and George Mason, jun., of Ipswich, 

 contractors, for " improremcnls in coUeclinff mil raising stone or substances 

 from below tta/er."— Granted April 2 ; Enrolled October 2, 1845. 



This invention is chiefly intended for raising cement stone from below 

 water olT West Hock, near Harwich, or other places similarly circum- 

 stanced, which at present is performed by sailing vessels, the dredging hags 

 being raised hy manual labour. The object of t'his invention is to apply the 

 power of steam in a suitable vessel to drag dredging hags, and to raise them 

 and cement stone, or other matters collected thereby, into the vessel. 



Thomas Moss, Esq., of Gainsford-street, Barnsbury-road, for " Improte- 

 ments in printing and preparing bankers' notes, cheque's, and other paprrs,for 

 ihe better pretention of fraud." Granted, April 22 ; enrolled Uctober 22 

 1845. 



This invent:on consists in impressing patterns on the surface of paper 

 used as bankers' notes, and other documents, on which designs or letters 

 have been or are intended to be printed, that the paper so treated will he 

 smooth on one side, whilst the other side will have a pattern indented 

 thereon, so as to produce the appearance of a reticulated surface. The 

 apparatus consists of a pair of steel rollers, one plain and the other engraved 

 with the reverse of the pattern to he formed on the paper; and pressed 

 heavily down upon tlie plain roller. The paper then becomes indented with 

 the pattern or design ; and if the engraved roller he inked, as in surface 

 printing, the indented pattern will at the same time be eoloured. 



Joseph Hill, of Ipswich, Suffolk, wireworkcr, for "Improvements in 

 manufacturing wire fabrics for blinds and other uses." Granted May G ; 

 enrolled November C, 1815. 



The first improvement consists in giving a corrugated form to woveu 

 wire fabrics, to obtain greater stiffness, and render them more useful for 

 making blinds, and other purposes. Ihe corrugated form is given by 

 passing the wire between two grooved iron rollers ; the side of the corru- 

 gations will generally vary from A to f inch. The second improvement con- 

 sists in submitting woven wire fabrics to a process of embossing, so as to 

 produce ornamental patterns thereon. A die is formed of brass or other 

 metal, with the pattern upon it in relief; over this is placed a sheet of 

 " vulcanized India-rubber," \ inch thick; and then, by means of a powerful 

 screw-press, the wire fabric is pressed down upon the die, and the required 

 embossing is produced. The employment of the India-rubber renders a 

 counter die or matrix unnecessary; and the same sheet of India-rubber 

 may, as it is plain, be used with different dies. 



Fredebick Ransome, of Ipswich, engineer, for " Iicprovements in 

 combining small coal and other matters, and in preserving icood." Granted 

 May 10 ; enrolled November 10, 1845. 



The invention consists in combining small coal with a solution of silica 

 or siliceous cement, mads by dissolving 1001b. of crystallized carbonate of 

 soda in as much WF.ter as will make a solution of 1,150 sp. gr. at a tempera- 

 ture of 00', and the soda is rendered caustic by the addition of lime ; or, 

 instead of carbonate of soda, 501b. of carbonate of potash are dissolved ia 

 the requisite quantity of water, and rendered caustic by means of lime. 

 This caustic alkaline solution is introduced, along with about 1001b. of 

 finely-bruken flints or other siliceous substances, into an iron boiler or 

 digester, and the mixture is kept for ten or twelve hours at a temperature of 

 about 300° Fahr.. being at the same time frequently stirred. When suffi- 

 ciently incorporated, the mixture is passed through a sieve, to remove any 

 undissolved stone therefrom, and it is then evaporated until its specific 

 gravity is increased to 1,500, at a temperature of 60°. The cement or solu- 

 tion is now fit for use ; or, if too thin, it may be brought to the required 

 consistence by evaporation, or by the addition of sand, or of calcined flints 

 in a finely-powdered state ; if too thick, it can he reduced with water. The 

 mode of combining small coal into blocks is, by mixing any suitable quan- 

 tity of coal-dust or small coal with from A^jth to i^th of its weight of the 

 siliceous cement, which is put into moulds, and subjected to pressure ; after 

 which it is allowed to dry in the air, and then placed in an oven or hot 

 room. For pressing timber, the wood is saturated or impregnated with a 

 solution of silica, in such a manner as to cement the fibrous part of the 

 wood with the silica, so as to form a solid and durable mass. The wood is 

 placed in an air-tight vessel, from which as much air is abstracted as is 

 practicable, by an air-pump or other convenient means ; a sufficient quantity 

 of siliceous cement to cover the wood is then admitted, and, in order to 

 cause the cement to penetrate further into the pores of the wood than 

 would he effected naturally, artificial pressure is applied, by means of a 

 pump; when removed, the wood is immersed in some acidulated or saline 

 solution, which will render the silica insoluble. 



