32 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECTS JOURNAL. 



[January, 



Early PAiNXF.n Df.corations. — Some curious remains of the early art of 



pointing, as practised in England, liave been lalely brought to vit-w, at Southcrop, in 



Gloucestershire. The chuncel of the parish church, of the AnKlo-Norman era, ri-cpiiring 



restoration, on removinR the accumulated coatinis of whitewash irom the walls, il \v;>m 



diecorere^l that it lia I beecn at one time a perfect j^atlery of scriptural and other sui'jccts, 



not the smalU'jfl uortion, from the r<:of to the fluor, having been Wt't unadorned. RIost of 



these quaint designs were loo far advanced in decay to he deciphered ; hut ilie Nativity, 



be Annunciation, and the Decapitation of St. John the Baptist, arc stili apparent, and 



hotv that th(. recluse and devout designers possessed all then known o( art, as well as 



11 the learniiii< of the time. A remarka'de device for the de^-oraliitn of a sacred edifice 



cmains in one of tlie deep recesses of the laiic-t shaped windows; it is the figure of a 



outh, in a red tii ic, shoo:iag an arrow at a red squirrel in a bright yel'ow tree, the bow 



eld in the rik'Iit hand, 'i'he costume of this figure seems to make the date somewhere 



»out the middle of tlie fourteenth centurj*— five hundred years since. 



Vai-UABI-i: Discuvkry. — A French mi'chanic formed tlie idea that I)y sub- 

 Ctlng iron dross to the slow cooling process which is known to produce a total cluinf^e 

 1 the nature ot glass, a new and useful species of stone might be o!):ained ; and as iron- 

 rosfl, such as thu large furnaces yield, is a wholly useless substance, the announced sue- 

 tssful result of his persevering attempts cannot hut be matter of great interest, more 

 tpecially at the present time, when the smelting furnaces of Kngland ore in a hitherto 

 nknown st;ite of activity. The object which the Frenchman sou.rht tti atcompli;li was, 

 o impart to iron dross the compactness and hardness of granite, und at the same time to 

 ave the cost and labour which the hewing of the real stone requires. To this end he 

 ^■ouirived to let the iron refuse, while in a fluid stale, run into iron forms, which were 

 previously hrouglit to a red heat by being placed so as to receive the superfluous flame 

 which issues from the mouth of the furniice ; and in order to inru-e the slow cDolin^-, 

 these f rms are provided Willi double sides, between which sand is introduced, which is 

 ivell known to be a bad conductor of heat ; the whole is then brought again to a glow 

 heat, and in lil^e manner ajjain cooled olf. By this procedure, it is asserted, the inge- 

 nious (discoverer has succeeded in forming paving stones, flags, large building blocl; and 

 «ven pipes, of any given firm, of u degree uf hardness nnd jmlish, equnl, if not superior, 

 to the best hewn natural granite, and at the moat trifling conceivable cost. 



The Iron Trxdk in America.— Hy an arrival fmm Keu York, on Mon- 

 day, we have the hilku\ing interesting particidars relaiive to the developnu-nt of the iron 

 trade there:— "The production of iron in Pennsylvania in l.':^-!-! was about yuu.tiuu Ions 

 «iul it is estimated that this year it will amount to about 350, udO to 4ilO,0l)(l tons. It is, 

 also eslimnied from pood data that the total production of in the United States this year 

 will not fall short of 7uU,OliO tons, and that the consumption will amount to about. tdO.OOO 

 ton?, leaving a deficiency, to be supplied by importation, of about IdO.UUO tons. We annex 

 rv table exhiliiling the quantity and value of irou and steel of all kinds imported into the 

 Onited States for the last sixteen years. 



Aggregate Quantity and V;:lue of Iron and Steel imported iulo the United States. 



Value. Per Ton. 



Years. Tons. Pol.ars. Dollars. 



1828-23 .. 30,;il4 .. 2,4l7,2a2 .. dij 



ldi!'-.!0 . . 4(J.';-I4 . . 2,:i40,yt>4 ., 56 



l}iM.:i] .. 51,.%-! .. 2 235..iG3 .. -iO 



ls/.l.;^_' . . 7a.97y . . 3,61)7,380 .. — 



lSi-.;i;i .. 80.2'<9 .. 3.37l,b67 .. — 



l.-si.j-:;4 . . 78.UI0 . . 3.9dd.396 . . — 



K<J|..i.> .. i>9777, .. ^7UK\'J3 .. — 



la3;i-.s(i .. '.K\,22tt ., 5,:io9,i3i .. — 



lS.io-;^7 .. 102.8(:6 .. 6,36.M88 .. — 



lH37-::8 . . 74.762 . . 4M*>,'.H*ii •• 54 



I83ri-;i;> .. li.V"37 .. C,ti8S,59t> ., ,07 



iMlt-AO . . 72.7(;:) . . 4.;i4l,0^6 . . 59 



1.-4.1-I1 .. 112.111 .. (1.020,416 .. 44 



IMI.42 .. I(i7,.i;i2 .. 4,332.0<U) ., 40 



1M2 4.J . . 37,4(15 . . i,*;(;5.(;rii . . 4:s 



1641-44 .. lU5,277 .. 3,%3.Ki3 .. 37 



1.2G 1 .074 63,837,52*'" 50 



Thi* table shows that, nolwithstandiiig the immense increiso -in the consumption of iron 

 in this country, thtre has not bsen any very g'eat increase in the imp-iriuiion, ond that 

 Ihesuppllies fiom our own manufactories Iiave nearly kept pace witti the increased de- 

 mand lorconsumption.— Tlie n-.ost extensile works in this coitniry are those of the Mount 

 Savage Company of Maryland. Its present capital is l,50'i,tj(j(l dollars, with power to in- 

 ■crease it to 5 (MK-O.OliO dollars. Its slock is owned principally iii Europe. Tliese ave the 

 xiti\y works In the Uniieil States where railroad iron is manufac'.ured to any extent, and it 

 is calculated that 2i>.00l' tons can homage in a year. Some of t!ie eastern railroads now 

 ibcilding are supplied with nuls by this company. The mines of the Mount Savage Com- 

 pany, and in fact all the iron mines of Maryhind, are situated iu the Cumberland coal re- 

 Sion, which, for the manutacture of iron, is said to be superior to any other." 



LIS? OP 2KiS\^ PATEICTS. 



GRANTED IX ENGLAND FROM NOVEMBER 27, TO DECEMBER 2^, 1315, 



Six Months allowed for Enrolment y unless othenvise ex2jressed. 

 ■John White, of Salford, Lancaster, engineer, for " certain Improvements in engines, 

 machinery or apparatus for raisiitg and forcing wati^r."— Sfuled November 'J.7 . 



Peter Spence, of Buvgh, Cumberlnnd, for *' Imprcveracnts iu the manu'aclure of cop- 

 peras and alum." — November 27. 



Moses Poole, of Scailc-street, Middlesex, gent., for *• certain Improvements to hinder 

 th.e oxydation ol iron to all its various sti.tes of cast inetai, hteel, malleable iron, and also 

 to rentier malleable irou more hard and durable." (A comnuinication ) — November 27. 



Eden Thomas Jones, of Bristol, manuiacturing cliemist, for " improvements in the 

 a;jpatatus used in the concentration of sulphnric acid.*' — November 27. 



William Maui;liam. of Newport. stri-et, Surrey, consulting cliemist, and Archibald Dun- 

 lop, the yonti'.;er, of Upper Thames-stieet, gent., for " Iin|)roveme:.ts in the :nanufacture 

 of ale, porter, and otlici ferment-^d liquors."— November 27. 



Edward Del', of Wtolwich, wine-merchant, for "certain Improvements in apparatus 

 for lieating and warming." — December 4, 



Robert Uettie, civil engineer, of Glasgow, for ** an Improved method of signalizing, or 

 tt'.egraphing on sea or land, preventing collisicn at Fca. and giving signals of distieas by 

 imj>roved burrcrs with glasses coloured, and signal card^^, iip| iiculde to railways in all the 

 various departments, i:s wfll as prevwntitig of accidents when the traiu is ai lull speed, 

 showing Ihe state of the tide in Imrbouis, also the diurnal for railways, towns, villages, 

 ■itc."— Deceniher 4. 



William Gossage, of Neath, metallurgist, for " Improvt-mentg in obtaining products 

 from ceriain ores und other compounds of certain metals.'*— Oecember 4. 



John Leslie, of Conduit- street, Kanover-square, tailor, fur " Improvements in the com- 

 bustion of gas."— December 4. 



Moses Poole, of Serle-sireet, Middlesex, gent., for " Improvements in locks." (A com- 

 munication.) — December 4. 



James Meacoik. of Kingston, Jamaica, niercljant, for " Improvements in pulping, 

 dreBsing, and sorting coffee." — D«c«mber 4, 



Archibald Dunlop, jun., of Thames-street, London, gent., for " Improvements in the 

 manufacture of aerated waters." — December 4. 



Henry Bessemer, of Baxter House, Old St. Pancr,is-road, Middlesex, engineer, for 

 "certain Improvements in atmospl!<;rtc propul.ion. and in app.tratus connected there- 

 with, part, or parts of which improvements are applicable to the manufacture of columns, 

 pipes and tubes, and other parts are applicable to the exhausting and impelling of air and 

 other fluids generally. " — December .1. 



John Robert Johnson, Alfred-plnce, Blatkfnars. chemist, for "Improvements in the 

 materials employed in constructing and working atmospheric railways."— December C. 



Henry Heaihcote Russell, of Millbank-street, Westminster, civil engineer, for " Im- 

 provemeiiti in construc'.ing suspension bridges and viaducts. "—December 6. 



Josiah Wilkinson, of Lincoln's Inn-fit*lds, gent., for " ceitain Improvements in filtering 

 water and other fluiiii." (A communication.)- December tt. 



Henry Augustus Rox, of Great Titchlieli. street, St. Marylebone, decorator, for "A 

 new method of pjlli-hing, dyeing, fnd colouringmarb!e, stone, and certain olhtr materials 

 used in the construction or decoration of houses and other buildings, '* — December 10. 



Edv/ard Green, of Waliefield, York, engineer, for " A new method of economising fuel, 

 and ceriain imiirovements in retaining and applying heat for generating steam and beat- 

 ing water." — December 10. 



Thomas Williiims, of Norway. street, iV'iddlesex, gent., for " a ceriain Improvement or 

 improvements In wrenches or spanners." — Dfcemher 10. 



William Dines, of Oldston, near Dartmouth, Devon, Esq., for *' Improvemcnlg in the 

 making and fixing window glass."— December 10. 



George Mordey Mowbray, of Paternoster-row, London, wholesale dniggist. for "an Im- 

 proved method oi commimrcation between the person or perscn:^ having the charge of a 

 railway train and the controller of its motive power." — December 10. 



Robert William Thomson, of Adam-street. Adelphi, civil engineer, for "an Improve- 

 ment in carriage wheels, which is also np[)licable to other rolling bodies." — December 10, 



Henry Lawrence, of Wigmore-street, Cavendish-square, geuileman, for •' an Itiproved 

 t uckle, suitable for harness and other purposes." — December 10. 



George Leach Ashwonh, o! Rochdale, Lancaster, cotton spinner, and Wilson Crossley, 

 of the same phice. nianayer, for "certain Improvements in m « chinery or apparatus for 

 preparing and spinning cotton and othtr librous substances." — December in. 



James Garforth, of Dunkinfield, Chester, engineer, for " certain Improvements in ma- 

 chinery or apparatus tor connecting of boilers, and other purposes "—December 10. 



Alfred \''incent Newton, of Chancery-lane, mechanical draughtsman, for " Improve- 

 ment in printing and dyeing various fabrics." (A communication. — December 10. 



Christoplier Dunkin Hays, of Rermondsey, master mariner, for " Improvements in the 

 construction and adaptation of apparatus for propelling and steering vessels on water.'* — 

 December 10. 



Charles Dowes, of Camden-town, gentleman, for "an Improved paper or material." — 

 December 10. 



William Mushet and Robert Musbet, iron founders, of Dalkeith, Scotlaad, for " Im- 

 provements in moulding iion." — December 10. 



Thomas Victor Allier, of Quai Saint Michel, Paris, gentleman, for " Improvements in 

 breaks or machinery for stopping or retarding carriages." — December 10. 



Frederick Gye, jun., of South Lambeth, for "Improvements in preparing aerated 

 waters, and in vessels to contain aerated and mineral waters." — December 10. 



Moses Poole, of Serle-streel, Middlesex, gentleman, for " Improvements in apparatus 

 to be used for drawing aud marking." (A communication.) — December 10. 



William Mac Naught, of Robertson-street, Glasgow, engineer, for "certain Improve- 

 ments in the steam engine." — Decembei lO. 



Isaac Hawker Bedford, of Birmingham, for " Improvements in the manufacture of 

 windowand other glass." (A communicution.) — December 12. 



flioses Poole, of Serle-sireet, MiJdlesex, gentleman, for " Improvements in filling 

 bottles and otlier vessels, and also in covering, stopping, or securing liquids and other 

 matters in bof.les and other vessels." (A communication.) — December 12. 



Samnel Cunllffi; Lister, of Manningliam, Yo^k. gentleman, for " Improvements in card- 

 ing, combing and spinning wool." — Di,'cembcr 12. 



Thomas Findler, of Flint, miller, for " Improvet^^ents In the construction and opera- 

 tion of certain parts ut fliut-grluding mills, and other grinding mills or machinery for 

 grinding." — December 15. 



John Robert Johnson, of Nelson-square, chemist, for " Improvements in purifying gas, 

 and in tl'.o treatment of products of gas works " — December 20. 



Henry MandcviUe Meade, of New York, America, gentleman, for " certain Improve- 

 ments in the inanufacturw of bread.'* (A conifliunication.) — December 20. 



Georjire Fergu^son Wilson, of Helmont, Vauxhall, gentleman, George Gwynne, of Re- 

 gent-street, gentleman, aud James Pillat:s Wilson, of Belmoat, aforesaid, gentleman, for 

 " Improvements in treating certain inflammable matters, and in the manufacture of can- 

 dles." — D;;cembcr 20. 



William Ilannis Taylor, of Picc.",dilly, gentleman, and Franc's RouViliac Conder, of 

 Birmingham, civil engi:iter, for "certain Improvements in propelling." — December 20. 



Jabe/. Clmrch. of CoUlicster, gas engineer, for "Improvements in the mai-ufacture of 

 coke, and in the ovens for producing the same." — December HU. 



Joiin IJlyih, of Limehou^e, en-ineer, for "certain Improvements in diminishing th« 

 risk of accidental explosions of gunpowder and other substances which are liable to ex- 

 plode, or ignite by contact with fire."— December 20. 



William M'Hardy, of Salford, for "certain Improvements in machinery or apparatus 

 applicable to the prep ^ration and spinning of cotton, wool, silk, lia."!:, and other fibrous 

 suhstatices."— December 22. 



Alfred Vinc3nt Newton, of Chmicory-lane, draughtsman, for " Improvements in comh- 

 .iig wool." i..\ communication.) — Dect;mber 22. 



Samuel Heseltine, jun., of Bromley, Middlesex, civil engineer, for " Improvements in 

 machinery orapparatus for dressing stones for grinding corn, grain, and other substances.*' 

 (A communication.)— December 22. 



Philip Smith, of Hiijh-street, Lambeth, lock-smith, for " Improvements in locks, latches, 

 and other similar fastenings." — December 22. 



CORRESPONDENTS. 



Mr. Henry Carr, engineer of the Croydon Atmospheric Kailway, in con- 

 sequence of numerous inquiries, is anxious to state that the autliorship of 

 cei tain papers, which have appeared in this journal, with the initials *' 11. C/' 

 apppndrd, is not to he attributed to himself. 



Dr. Shokhtz, Limhurg, Austria. On examining the invention, it appears 

 to us so very impriicticabie, that we have not thought it worth while to give 

 an account of it. 



Next mouth, " rrcshyteriau Church, Dublin," and " Railway Key, Cardiff." 



