222 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECTS JOURNAL. 



[J 



ri.Y , 



FILTKRER. 



JOMA.I Wilkinson, of Lincoln's inn-fields, gent., for" certain /""P™"; 

 ments in filtering tvater and oti.er fluids." A communication, t-rantea 

 Dec. 8, 1845 ; Knrolled June 8, 1846. 



This invention consists in a peculiar mode of arransin? » f.^^Jlf .P"'; 

 forated metal or wooden tul.es tilled with spon.-e, annual '^' "^ "'•/J^,^;^'^; 

 other suitable material. The mode of constructing ''"V""? "f^*-' ^^'^^ 

 as follows :-I'ig 1 shows a plan, and C-. 2 an elevation, of a series ot 



Fig. 1. 



perforated metal or other tubes, arranged as shown in the plao, the centre 

 tube a being perforated at those parts only which come in contact with the 

 lubes marked 1,2,3, 4, .5, (i, so that a communication is formed between 

 the latter tubes and the central one. Each of the tubes, I, 2, 3, &:c., the 

 inventor proposes to fill with sponge, the tube a being filled w'llh sand, 

 charcoal, or other suitable filtering matler. Fig. 3 shows a plan of the 

 interior of a filler when complete, which consists of an arrangement of 

 seven groups or series of tubes, as above described, in all, forty-nine tubes, 

 which are enclosed in an outer vessel or case b b, having a pipe c, leading 

 from a vessel plaeed in an elevated position and containing the turbid v^■ate^ 

 to be filtered, which, by the hydraulic pressure, is forced through the per- 

 forated vessels or tubes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, containing sponge, into each of the 

 centre tubes, which latter are provided with a branch pipe, leading to an 

 outlet pipe situate above the filter and in the centre thereof, which outlet is 

 common to all. At the lower part of the vessel there is a pipe d, provided 

 •with a stop-cock, for the purpose of cleaning out the filter, which may be 

 effected by stopping the outlet pipe, opening the stop-cock, and forcing 

 water through it. The inventor, in conclusion, states that he does not con- 

 fine himself to sponge as a substance to be used in filtering, but afterwards 

 distinctly claims the mode of filtering by means of sponge. He also 

 claims the mode of filtering be hydraulic pressure. 



NOTES OF THE MONTH. 



It is with extreme regret that we have to record the melancholy death 

 of Mr. Benjamin Robert Haydon, the artist, which took place on Monday, 

 the 22nd ult., at his residence, Burwood-place, Edgware-road. He con- 

 tributed several valuable articles to this Journal, and to him we were in- 

 debted for the interesting extract from Sir Joshua Reynolds' Diary. 

 Next month we will endeavour to collect some information respecting the 

 life and works of this artist. , > ■ 



The Augsburg Gazette informs us that Cornelius has completed and ex- 

 hibited at Rome his cartoon for the mausoleum of the royal family of 

 Prussia. It is made the subject of the following piece of magniloquence— 

 '• The cartoon represents the four powers described in the Apocalypse, 

 •which are to appear at the end of the world. They ride through the 

 air on horses that seem more intimately connected with them than the 

 centaur with the animal of which he forms a part. In the van is a 

 Tartar chieftain, who sends from his twanging bow-string, like unto 

 Homer's Apollo, the shaft of Pestilence before him. Hunger folovvs. 

 Corn is so dear that it must be weighed in the scales which he holds 

 ou high, while a figure to the left with horrid mimicry proclaims the 

 high price to which all food has risen. Now follows Mar; a youth 

 of exceeding beauty, swinging the bloody sword of battle above his 

 head, with the united strength of both arms; and lastly comes Death, 

 mowing down all that the others have left him. A chorus of the de- 

 parted accompany the dreadful host with cries of woe, whose tones 

 seem to sound from out the picture and become audible to the spiritual 

 .sense. The tone prese>rved in this part of the painting is, it is said, inde- 

 scribably beautiful. Eleven figures, three of whom are children, represent 

 the perishing human race. And yet in this group is contained a represent- 



ation of all the horrors which the .magmation of man can take m at a 

 e ance In more ihan one figure wc see the celebrated motive of Timan- 

 fhes employed, who, in the sacrifice of Iphitenia, represented Aganiei.,n.,u 

 veiler Hut ;iiat is not expressed by the gestures, by the figure of a 

 youth who, amid the agonising struggles of death, covers his eyes with 

 convulsiveW-closed hands I What name might be given to the sutfering ex- 

 ™d on the countenances of the won.en, who imploring mercy and 

 pty fln'°l>emselveson their knees before the mighty band ! Hut above 

 a is ATi^uish, represented with a wonder ully deep knowledge of the 

 hun anioul in he iwo little children, invested as they are with a sublime 

 beauty. The young too, the age of innocence, all is unsparingly swep 

 awav Despa r is foreign to such tender souls; but in the countenance of 

 nem"an, who with cla^p'ed hands has fallen to the ground, we buhold it la 

 'r,K horror ■ and this figure forms the centre of the picture." From this 

 descript.o" it'may be concluded that the German school has exceeded even 

 itself Cornelius seems to have painted with a thousand horse power and 

 prepared a rich treat for the admirers of the '• intense and convulsive 

 ■^ A euer from Cairo (May 17), written by an intelligent traveller, mforms 

 usThat the temple of Dendera had been completely cleared of all the rub- 

 bish with which it was encumbered, and was now to be seen as one of the 

 mnct n«rfect of the Egyptian temples. 



■llie arch tects at Haniburgh appear to have imbibed the taste for the 

 chromatic .tyle. Biilau, the architect, in his buildings, does not use stucco, 

 but introduces ornamental bricks of different colours. 



A fiue mosaic pavement has been discovered in the church of St. Paol 

 at Nimes It represents a warrior in his car driving his fiery coursers at 

 full sTeed, with the body of a man fastened to the tail of the car, and ,s 

 suDDOsed to represent the triumph of Achilles. , o i- 



X ic rfc J. des Sciences at Paris has elected M. Jacobs of Berlm 

 one of its foreign members, to supply the loss occasioned by the death of 



'" ThrghTl"'ex:rTons of Sir Stratford Canning, England is likely to 

 possess the treasures discovered by Mr. Austen Layard, at Nimroud The 

 Times gies us the following particulars of these antiquities :-" The dis- 

 00 ver'es of M. Botta, at Horsabad, are well known to the learned world. 

 Those in which M. Layard is now engaged at Nimroud promise to be 

 much more interesting and extensive. The mound is eight or ten times 

 irgerThan at which was excavated hy the French. It contains the re- 

 mains of a palace, a part of which, like ihat at Horsabad, appears to have 

 beenburnt.^ There is a vast series of chambers all buil with marble, 

 and covered with sculptures and inscriptions. The inscriptions are in the 

 cSneXrm character, of the class usually termed Babylonian It ,s possi- 

 b"e that this edifice was built at an epoch pnor to the ov^erthrow of the 

 As.vrian empire by the Medes and Babylonians under Cyaxares,-but 

 whether u'nZ the fi>st or second Assyrian dynasty is doubtful Many of 

 he cu ptures discovered by Mr. Layard are even in the smallest detail 

 as sharp and fresh as though they had been chiselled yesterday. Amongst 

 then, is a pair of winged lions with human heads, which are about twelve 

 feet hgh.'^ They fornfthe entrance to a temple. The execution of these 

 wo figures is admirable, and gives the highest idea of the knowledge and 

 civilization of the Assyrians. There are many monsters of this kind, lions 

 and bu 1= The other reliefs consist of various divinities ; some with 

 eagles' heads,-others entirely human, but w,nged,-w.th battle-pieces 

 and sieses, as at Horsabad." . , 



A letter from Alexandria states that the barrage of the Nile is proceed- 

 ing with "reat vigour, and the men are made to work both night and day 

 nirder to take ev'ery possible advantage of the present low state of the 

 water The Pasha's frigates are employed in bringing cargoes of tirahei 

 from the coast of Caramania; these are immediately squared and sent up 

 o t"e s te of the barrage with all possible speed. '/.OO men, -mprising 

 soldiers and country people, are at present employed at the barrage, and, 

 ow^ig to n,e great fatigue and privations of these poor people, the deaths 



are verv numerous. . 



The Cathedral of Durham is now undergoing various repairs and re- 

 storations. Among other sacred edifices that have sufiered by the hand 

 of the despoiler, this venerable cathedral has not been ^^'''''"f'^fj^l 

 one who visited it a few years ago must have been greatly oUended at the 

 disfigurements which would meet his view at almost evei^ step tor some 

 time the Dean and Chapter have devoted themselves to the task of restor- 

 ngthe interior to something like its original beauty A highly valuable 

 and important restoration is being made in the Chapter-house M hen m 

 its original state, the Chapter-house of Durham was justly described as 

 the finest in the kingdom. It was built by Bishop I ufus, 1133 43 and 

 the only subsequent additions were some buttresses at the end, a large 

 perpend,cularliiidow above the doorway, formerly toll of f^'ned glass 

 knd tracery, with stained glass in the east window. Its whole 'enS'h was 

 77 feet, width 34 feet U inches, and the height at the western arch of the 

 groinin- 45 feet. The east end was of a semicircular form, and when m 

 fts original state, with its fine columnar work and beautiful tracery, must 

 have been an object of great interest. ,,„.,, .. „i„,„i, iWnt 



On removing the oak stalls from the chancel of St. M»7,^.^,''";,'=^'i;°'- 

 tingham, preparatory to repairing tlie roof, a sculptured 'a^'-^' °f "™ 

 was discovered, buried with its face downwards, w-^hich Prob^bW h^» been 

 lying there since the Reformation. It is said to be a spirited and well- 

 executed bas relief, consisting of eight figures, and represents the Pope 

 seated on a canopied and elevated throne, consecrating a bishop. ueMOe 



he Popearet-vo'cardinals wearing their hats. The bishop is attended by 

 his apparitor, bearing the crozier, and three other attendant figures com- 



