3S4 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT'S JOURNAL. 



[Dbo. 



inventor does not confme himself to the apparatus, be says in some cases a 

 simple ratchetwlieel may be placed on one of the rollers taking into a rack 

 on the frame «, as shown in fig. 2. The frame a may be dispensed with, 

 and any plunks of wood used to form a bed for the plates i to run upon. 



The second improvement is for an apparatus for lifting purposes, consist- 

 ing of a case with a screw inside, and a female screw working up or down 

 vith a bracket thereon, anil passing through the side of the case. On the 

 tup of the screw shaft is lised a toothed wheel which takes in and is 

 driven by a worm wheel turned by a handle. 



STAINING AND ETCHING GLASS. 



Isaac Hawkf.r Bedford, of Birmingham, for " Imfntements in the 

 tnamifacture nf uimluw and iilher glnss." — Granted June 12; Enrolled 

 September 12, 1840. — (Partly invented and partly communicated from 

 abroad.) 



The improvements relate to staining and etching glass. The staining is 

 effected by the use of copper to produce a red colour either before or after 

 cutting and polishing the glass, and the whole or any part of the surface 

 may be stained ; the invention is most successfully performed with glass 

 made without the use of soda. The glass is to be well cleaned, and 

 treated in the following manner : — take one part by weight of sulphurct of 

 copper; two parts of the scales of iron from a smith's forge ; three parts of 

 sulphate of copper burned to whiteness; and four parts of calcined yellow 

 ochre, all ground as fine as possible with the essence of turpenline, which 

 has become rather thick by exposure to the atmosphere. The mixture 

 being of the consistency of cream is laid on the surface of the glass to be 

 stained by a brush, and allowed to dry; the glass is then placed in astaiuer's 

 muffle and heated to as high a degree of heal as it will allow with- 

 out melting. The fire is then drawn off, and the glass allowed to cool 

 down slowly, and washed when cold, when the appearance of the glass 

 should, on looking in a direction edgewise of the glass, ofl'er a greenish 

 yellow if lead has been used in the making of the glass ; the colour ob- 

 tained will, however, differ according to the composition of the glass. The 

 glass is again placed in a muffle, and heated as before ; when the fire is 

 withdrawn a quantity of small coal is introduced into the lower part of the 

 mufHe; (4 lb. of coal is the quautily for a muffle 24 inches in diameter and 

 30 inches in length). The muffle is then completely closed and luted, by 

 which the products of the coal will be prevented escaping. The muffle 

 and the glass are to be allowed to cool down, and wlien the glass is 

 taken out, it will generally be found to ofler a brownish-red colour. 

 Those articles which oiler such colour are then to be placed in another 

 muffle which has been lime-washed, and again heated and cooled down as 

 before. 



The second pirt of the invention relates to ornamenting of glass by a 

 peculiar process of etching. For ornamenting window glass take five parts 

 of puce-coloured oxide of lead (peroxide) to one part of fius, (the flux em- 

 ployed is 17 parts of glass of borax and 1 3 parts of red lead fused together) ; 

 the oxide of lead and the flux is ground with turpentine, and with this 

 composition the artist paints the desired devices or designs on the surface 

 of gla.ss to be etched : when coloured glass is to be etched, acetate of lead 

 is preferred in place of the oxide of lead; the s-ime are then allowed to 

 dry, and the articles are to be tired in the same manner as when gilding on 

 glass, and allowed to cool; and when cold they are dipped in a weak solu- 

 tion of nitric acid in water, and the surfaces cleansed by rubbing off the 

 preparation above mentioned. — The claim is firstly, for the manufacturing 

 stained window or other glass, by applying copper for producing a red 

 colour for staining the same on the surfaces, as herein explained ; and, 

 secondly, for the mode of manufacturing window and other glass, by etch- 

 ing on the surfaces thereof by means of lead acted on by acid. 



STEAM ENGINES. 



Mark IJollinson, of Brierly Hill, near Dudley, engineer, for " /m- 

 proveinent:) in sleam engines." — Granted iSIay 7 ; Enrolled November 7, 

 ISIO. 



The improvements relate to obtaining additional power by admitting 

 steam in the upper part of the air pump of steam engines during the down 

 stroke, simultaneously with the admission of steam in the steam cylinder. 

 The air pump has a solid packed piston, and valves and passages com- 

 muuicating with the condenser. 



COKING ARTIFICIAL FUEL. 



Ferdinand Charles M'arlicm, of Deplford, Kent, gentleman, for " Im- 

 provements in the manuj'aeture «/ Juel." — Granted April 7 ; Enrolled Oct, 

 7, l«4(i. 



The improvements relate to the subjecting of moulded fuel to the pro- 

 cess of coking ; for this purpose the patentee prefers the manufactured fuel, 

 consisting of the small of anlliraclte coal, of free burning coal, and of bilu- 

 rainous coal, mixed wilh pitch or hitummons matter moulded into bricks ; 

 to be heated in retorts or ovens to drive off the volatile products (as 

 described in a patent granted October .5, 1843, to the present patentee). 

 ■| he bricks are then placed one upon another with a small space between 

 the sides, in a coke oven, (a (quare one is preferred), when they are con- 

 verted into coke by the oidiuuiy process. 



PUNCHING AND SHEARING. 



Charles May, of Ipswich, Suffolk, civil engineer, for " Improrements 

 in machinery for punching, rivetting, and shearing metal plates." — Granted 

 April IJ; Enrolled October li, ItitO. (Keported in the Patent Journal.) 



This invention consists of the application of different modifications of the 

 principle of the hydrostatic press. 



It consists first in its application to the punching of metals, used for 

 boat building, boiler making, ^ic. Fig. 1 represents a side view of this 

 improved machine, which is partly exhibited in section. It is a strong 

 iron frame a, in the shape of a horse shoe, the upper arm of which is fur- 

 nished with a die 6, llie size of the hole in which corresponds with the 

 size of the hole desired to be perforated in the plate or plates of metal ; it 

 is affixed to the arm by means of a pinching screw c, which admits of its 

 being changed for a new one, or one of a different size. The extremity of 

 the lower arm is cast hollow and fitted with a ram or cylinder d, similar to 

 the ram of a hydraulic press ; this ram d, carries the punch e, used to force 

 out the hole in the metal plates. It is placed directly opposite the hole in 

 the die i, info which it is received when forced upwards. Another exter- 

 nal or annular cylinder/, which is bored to suit the external diameter of 

 the ram d, and the exterior is turned to fit the hollow in the arm ; both 

 these cylinders have cap-leathers g h, placed in recesses turned to receive 

 them, which prevent the water escaping between the surfaces of the cylin- 

 ders when the pressure is applied. Attached to the centre cylinder is a 

 rod i, which passes through a stuffing box in the bottom, and has attached 

 to the other end a spiral spring, which withdraws the punch from the plates 

 after the hole is punched, k is the aperture to which the tube is attached 

 to form the connection between the pumps and the press. 



Fig. 1— Punching Apparatus, 



( 



The frame a may be of any other convenient form, but the patentee pre- 

 fers the foregoing, as it may be easily suspended by the rings from a tra- 

 versing crane, and moved about in any direction where it may be required ; 

 the pumps being placed on the platform of the crane, and connected by 

 means of a flexible tube, the best for which purpose being of metal, and 

 coiled round in the shape of a spiral, having a sufficient number of turns 

 to give it the requisite flexibility. 



The action of Ibis apparatus is as follows : — The plates I, n, having been 

 introduced between the punch and die, water is forced in below the rams 

 by means of pumps, one of which should be considerably larger than the 

 other, in order to take up the slack, and the small one to produce the pres- 

 sure. The water being thus forced in, will raise both cylinders d and/, 

 until they meet with some resistance from the plates ; the external cylinder 

 /forcing them close together, and the pressure being continued, the inter- 

 nal cylinder or ram will rise still further, and force the punch e through the 

 plates; and on the water being allowed to escape, the cylinders will be 

 withdrawn by the action of the spiral spring, both of which cylinders are 

 furnished w itli suitable collars, so as to prevent either of them being forced 

 or depressed beyond a proper range. 



