52 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECTS JOURNAL. 



[February, 



never lia\ing yet been to my otfice to ask any explanation or infonnation as 

 to our accounts or method of business, I think it best to refer it to your own 

 judgment, what foundation he has for his assertion, ' that at least a saving of 

 XIO.OOO a year may be made in my department, by a different method of 

 cairyhiij on llie irori.' 1 feci, tlicrefore, very easy in leaving my character in 

 your hands, to most of whom I have been known so long, and under whom, 

 until now, I have fdled my situation free from all ungenerous attacks or 

 uncourteons treatment. In concluding, I beg leave to quote the following 

 extract from the ])rinted copy of the Intjuiry into the aflairs of the Cor|)0- 

 ration of Liverpool, before the Parliamentary Commissioners — ' Twelfth day. 

 Mr. Alderman Lawrence said, he was glad' to find it was not considered 

 necessary to put any questions to Mr. Hartley, the Dock Survevor; as an 

 expenditure of £1,100,1100 or .fl,.")nn,000 hail passed through that gentle- 

 man's hands, he deemed that circumstance highly complimentary. Mr. 

 Duncan said, he did not know a more deserving officer than Mr. Hartley; 

 the rate-payers were perfectly satisfied with him,' &c. — and to remark, tli'at 

 that opinion, unquahfied, uncontradicted, and expressed at such a time, is 

 not exactly in accordance with the member's statement, ' That you will find 

 you have spent as much money in rectifying my errors as the docks them- 

 selves have cost.' 



" Finally, I take the liberty of calling your attention to a resolution of the 

 Dock Committee of the .31st October, 1836, come to on the reading of my 

 report to them of the 2.'>th of trie same month, and to that report I would 

 beg especially to refer the member bringing forward the motion : — 



"At a meeting of the Dock Committee, 31st Oct., 1836, present, Charles 

 Lawrence, Esq., chairman, &c. &c., a printed copy of the Surveyor's report 

 having been laid upon the table, in compliance with the directions of the last 

 committee — 



" ' Resolved, — That the committee have read with much satisfaction the 

 able report of the Surveyor upon the state of the works, and regret that, 

 from the shortness of the time since which this report has been delivered, 

 they are not able to enter into any minute investigation of its various details. 

 They feel it quite unnecessary to express any encomium upon those maguifi- 

 cent works which will speak for themselves, and remain a lasting memorial 

 of the great talents of Mr. Hartley. The major part of this committee being 

 about to be removed by an act of the legislatiu-e, cannot relinquish their 

 trust without availing themselves of their last meeting to record their high 

 sense of the indefatigable zeal and great ability with which that gentleman 

 has for more than twelve years executed the very important duties of his 

 office, and they beg him to accept their sincere acknowledgments and thanks. 

 " ' Extracted from the proceedings. 



(Signed) " 'Ch.^ri.es Lawrence, Chairman.' 



" Having thus disposed of such of the charges aiul assertions made by the 

 member as I think it necessary to notice, I feel that it would be an act of 

 injustice to this committee to court a stricter investigation of the various 

 details of my department than they have already received ; and the unim- 

 portance of the charges which have been made ought, I imagine, to have 

 been a s\itficient protection against such an attack as I have been subjected 

 to. If not, the further defence must rest with the committee, not with me. 



" It now only remains for me most respectfully to request this committee 

 to do me the justice of calling upon the member to prove his assertions, so 

 serious in their nature, and to hope that this defence may meet with the 

 same pubUcity as was given to the charges against me. 



"I have the honour to be, gentlemen. 



Dockyard, Liver]>ool, Jesse Hartley, Dock Survevor. 



lOM Dec, 1840." 



RAILWAY COMMUNICATION WITH SCOTLAND. 



Third Rejiort of Limtenant-Colonel Sir Frederick Smith, of the Royal En- 

 gineers, and Profeasor Barlow, to the Treasiiry, iji pursuance of the Ad- 

 dresses of the Ilonse of Commons of the Hth and 20th Anyust, 1839. 



Railway Committee Office, .James-street , 

 Buckinyham-gate, Hth Nov. 1840. 



Sib — The report which, in obedience to the instructions of the Lords Com- 

 missioners of the Treasury, dated the 26th of November, 1839, we had the 

 honour to transmit to you on the 16th May last, respecting the competing 

 lines for a railway communication between I^ondon and Glasgow, contains a 

 distinct expression of our opinion, that of the three projects which had been 

 submitted to us for that portion of the distance which extends from Lancas- 

 ter to Carlisle, the preference was due to the project brought forward by Mr. 

 Larmer, for a railway up the valley of the Lune, and by Orton and Penrith. 



We, however, observed that this line would not extend to the district of 

 Kendal the benefits of railway communication ; and being aware that this 

 thriving town would not only afford great support to any railway passing 

 near it, but at the same time derive important advantages from such a mode 

 of transit, we h.nd directed the attention of the surveyors to this subject, and 

 suggested the expediency of fresh surveys being made, in (jnler to ascertain 

 the practicability of imiting Mr. Larmer's project by the valley of the Lune 

 with that of Mr. Bintley by the valley of the Kent, so as to carry the line 

 within a short distance of the town of Kendal. 



It appears that nearly at the period when our report on tliesc northern 

 lines was forwarded to you, some gentlemen coimectcd with Kendal, and who 

 are very desirous of carrying a railway near to that town, employed Mr 



Larmer to re-survey the valleys of the Lune and Kent, and to examine the 

 ground which separates these rivers to the north of Kendal. The result is, 

 that this gentleman has considerably modified and improved that part of Mr. 

 Bintley's line which is to the south of Kendal ; he has also made some slight 

 alterations in that part of his own line lying between Orton and Low liorrow- 

 bridge ; and he has laid before us a plan and section for a line to be fonned 

 through the pass which intervenes between the Grayrig Fell and the Lambrig 

 Fell, and connects the valleys of the Lune and Kent. 



Mr. Larmer terms this new Une the " Grayrig Junction," and, for the s.ike 

 of distinction, we shall give the title of the " Grayrig Line" to the whole 

 project on which we are now about to report, pursuant to the instructions 

 we had the honour to receive from you, dated the 29th May last. 



The two principal points which we have kept in view in this investigation 

 are, to determine how the construction of the railway, according to this com- 

 bined ])roject, woidd affect the traveller between London and Carlisle ; and 

 secondly, whether it would entail an increase of expense more than commen- 

 surate with the advantages to be derived from the line passhig the town of 

 Kendal. 



In our last report, we stated that the locomotive power requisite to work 

 the Lune line, expressed in horizontal distance, would be 78 miles and one 

 chain ; and we find, that by the Grayrig line it would be 78 miles and 62 

 chains. 



This increase of 61 chains is not sufficient to form an important objection 

 to the Grayrig project, as regards the traveller between London and Carlisle. 



In the appendix (A) we have given a copy of a comparative estimate, sub- 

 mitted to us by Mr. Larmer, of the probable cost of the Lune Une, and the 

 Grayrig line. 



As we are not in possession of cross sections of the ground where the heavj- 

 cuttings and embankments would be formed, nor of borings where the former 

 would be necessary, and as we have also not been supplied with drawings of 

 the bridges, viaducts, &c., it is not in our power to pledge otirselves to the 

 positive accuracy of these estimates ; but we think the details given are suffi- 

 ciently correct to test the relative cost of the two projects ; and there does 

 not appear to be any reason for doubting Mr. Larmer's statement, that the 

 Grayrig project woidd not reqiure a capital of more than £126,219, 7s., be- 

 yond what would be necessary for that of the valley of the Lune. 



In our former report on the lines between Lancaster and Carlisle, in esti- 

 mating the population within ten miles of each route, the population of Ken- 

 dal was considered as belonging both to the Une of the Kent and to that of 

 the Lune ; and, aeconUng to this arrangement, the former was stated to be 

 Ukely to afford railway accommodation to a population one-tenth larger than 

 would derive this advantage from the latter. 



The Grayrig line would accommodate a still larger niunber of persons than 

 the original line of the Kent, as it would include the greater part of the po- 

 pulation which gave the latter, under this head of comparison, the superiority 

 over the original Lune Une, and in addition would include the inhabitants of 

 Ravenstonedale, Kirkby, Stephen, Brough and Appleby, to which the original 

 Kendal line had no title. Thus the Grayrig Une will have a decided superio- 

 rity over the line of the Lune on the score of population, and therefore the 

 traffic on the former, on this account alone, might reasonably be expected to 

 be greater than on either of the other Unes ; but when it is considered that a 

 Une to Kendal would bring the lake tourists to within eight miles of Winder- 

 mere, it may be fairly presumed that the number of passengers on this line 

 would be much greater than on its competitors. 



Kendal, as a commercial and mauufactuiing town, is of great importance 

 in the county of Westmoreland, and there is no doubt that on the formation 

 of a railway by the Grayrig Line, the supply of coal for the Kendal district 

 would be almost exclusively derived from Carlisle ; indeed it has been shown 

 to us that a revenue of .£10,000 a year may be expected from the carriage of 

 coal alone. 



In considering the relative merits of the three projects, we find that the 

 Lune Une has a small addition over the other lines in regiird to saving of dis- 

 tance and economy of construction, but it has the defect of depriving the 

 important town of Kendal of direct railway communication, and embraces a 

 smaller popidation. 



The greet objection to Mr. Bintley's line was a sinnmit tunnel of an almost 

 impracticable cliaracter. 



The Une now proposed possesses the principal advantages, and is free from 

 the chief defects of the other projects, and wc therefore recommend it in 

 preference to either. 



We shaU now proceed to give a general description of the Une which we 

 thus recommend for adoption. 



In our report of the 16th of May, it was stated that Mr. Bintley proposed 

 to form a junction with the Preston and Lancaster Railway, at a point about 

 two miles and 54 chains south of the terminus at the latter place, and to pass 

 under the town of Lancaster by a tunnel. 



Mr. Larmer in commencing at the Lancaster terminus, very materially im- 

 proves this line, as he thereby saves two miles, and 54 chains of construction, 

 and avoids the inconvenience and expense of a separate station ; and by keep- 

 ing to the east of the Une proposed by Mr. Bintley, he is euabled to dispense 

 with the tunnel under the town of Lancaster, which was a great defect in 

 Mr. Bintley's project. 



The following tiiblc exhibits the gradients on the two lines up to Kendal, 

 from which it will appear that the line as revised by Mr. Larmer is in that 

 respect superior to the original line of Mr. Bintley. 



