02 



THK CIVIL i:\GINEEU AND ARCHITECT'S JOIRXAL. 



TM 



ARCH'" 



impossible to erect any more iron bridges in France, unless a new plan 

 could be adopted of constructing them on more durable principles 

 than those kind of bridges have ever been constructed, and at less 

 expense than the English bridges. This double problem M. Polon- 

 ceau has solved, by constructing, on an entirely new system of his own 

 invention, the Carrousel bridge at Paris.* It is on this plan of making 

 bridges, now well known by the name of Polonceau bridges, that the 

 bridge of Erdre is also constructed. — Echo du Monde Sava?!/. 



RAILWAY SIGNALS AND REGULATIONS. 



We last month gave a copy of tlie resolutions passed at the railway con- 

 ference at Birmingham ; since then a full account of their proceedings has 

 been imblishcd, with the code of signals and regulations proposed to be 

 adopted on all railways throughout the United Kingdom, a copy of which 

 we give in fidl. 



RULES ANn REGULATIONS, I'ROPOSED TO BE OBSERVED BV EXGINEMEN, 

 GUARDS, POLICEME.V, A.VD OTHERS, OX ALL RAILWAYS. 



Orders to Enginemen and Firemen. 



I. — No locomotive steam engine. excc])t in case of some extraordinary 

 necessity, shall pass along the wrong line of road — that is to say, on the right 

 hand liiie as it moves for\vard — hut shall, in all cases, observe the same rule 

 of tlie way as on the turnpike roads, by proceeding along the left-hand line. 

 And every engineman and fireman shall keep a good look-out all the time 

 the engine is in motion. And no person, except the proper engineman and 

 fireman, shall be allowed to ride on any locomotive steam engine or tender 

 without the special licence of the directors, or of the engineer or manager of 

 the railway. 



II. — Incase of accident, if any engine shall be unavoidably obliged to pass 

 on the wrong line of road, the engiuercan shall always send his assistant, or 

 some other person, back beyond the nearest stojjping place or slnint, before 

 the engine moves backward, to warn any engine coming in the opposite 

 direction; and if dark, the man who goes back in advance of a returning 

 engine shall take a light, and make a signal, by waving the same re and 

 DOWN to any coming engine to stop; and the engineman of the engine 

 moving on the wrong line shall make constant use of the steam-whistle, and 

 must not move in the wrong direction further than to the nearest shunt, and 

 being arrived there, shall proceed instantly to remove the engine off the 

 wrong line of road. 



III. — All engines travelling in the same direction, shall keep half a mile 

 at least apart from each other; that is to say, tlic engine which follows shall 

 not approach within half a mile of the engine which goes before. 



IV. — No engineman shall, at any time or under any circumstances, leave 

 his engine or train, or any part of his train, on the Une of way, without 

 placing a man in charge of the same, to cause the proper signals to be made 

 to prevent other engines from running against them. 



V. — Enginemen ha\ing charge of goods or luggage trains shall always 

 exert themselves to keep out of the way of coacli trains, by shunting, if 

 necessary ; and, if doubtful of getting out of the way of a coach-train, shall 

 direct gaiemen and plate-layers to make signal to coach trains that a luggage 

 train is before them. 



VI. — No engine, carriage, or wagon, or train of carriages or wagons, 

 whether loaded or unloaded, shall (except only in case of absolute necessity, 

 to prevent accident or collision) sto]) upon the line of any highway, so as to 

 interrupt the passing along such highway or public road, whether the same 

 be at or near to any of the stopping places on tlie railway or not. 



VII. — No engine shall be allowed to propel before it a train of carriages 

 or wagons, but shall in all cases draw the same after it, except when assisting 

 up an incUned plane, or in case of any engine being disabled on the road, 

 when the succeeding engine may propel the train slowli/ as far as the next 

 shunt, or turn-out, at wliich place the said propelUug engine shall take the 

 lead. 



VIII. — In the event of the road being obscured by steam or smoke, (owing 

 to a burst tube, or from any other cause,) any engine 'or train coming up 

 shall not immediately pass through the steam or smoke, l)ut the engineman 

 shall stop at a sutlicicut distance to prevent a collision, and shall ascertain 

 that the way is clear and safe before attempting to proceed. 



I\. — If a coacli train he stopping to take up or set down passengers, on 

 the road, or for any other cause, luggage trains are not allowed to pass it, 

 while so stopping, on the ojiposite Une; and if the engineman of a coac/i 

 train sees auotlicr coach train stopping on the road, he must slacken speed 

 as he approaches it, and blow his whistle, to give notice to passengers be- 

 longing to the stopping train, that another train is about to pass them. 



X. — In going down any inclined plane, every engineman having charge of 

 a luggage train, shall take care that he has full and competent control over 

 the speed of his train, by pinning down, or causing to be pinned down, his 

 wagon breaks, fewer or more, according to the size or weight of the train, 



* So* drawings and description of this Bridge in the Journal, Vol. II. page 

 79.» 



whether there be a luggage breaksman with the train or not. And in case 

 of accident for want of this proper control over the speed, the engineman 

 shaU be held responsible. And the policemen at the top of the inclines 

 shall, and are hereby charged to, assist in pinning down the breaks, when 

 desired so to do by the engineman of the train. 



Rules to lie oltserved duriwi a Fog, or in Thick Weather. 



XL — Whenever a coach train stops at any of the stations or jdaces for 

 taking up or setting down passengers, (during a fog, or in thick weather), 

 the gateraan or policeman of the station shall immediately run 400 yards 

 behind the train, or bo far as may be necessary to warn any coining engine, 

 in order to prevent its ninning against the other; and all enginemen sljall 

 slacken speed in foggy weather, and jiroceed at a slow pace at an ample dis- 

 tance from, and as they approach, each of the stations and stopping places, 

 in order that they may have the comjilete control of and be able to stop 

 their engines and trains without risk of running against any train which may 

 happen to be waiting at such station or stopping place. .\nd in case any 

 engine (whether with coaches or luggage waggons, or witliout) shall stop in 

 foggy or thick weather in any part of the road where there shall be no plate- 

 layer to render assistance, the fireman shall immediately run back 400 yards, 

 or so far as may be necessary, to warn and stop any other engine coming in 

 the same direction. 



In fogg;- weather, enginemen are cautioned to make frequent use of their 

 steam-whistle when they approach any station ; also, whenever they are 

 obliged to stop on the road, or when, from any cause, they are obliged to go 

 slower than usual, in order to prevent accidents from trains which may be 

 following on the same line. 



Order to Gatemen and Policemen. 



XII. — .Ml jiolicemen and gatemen are required, wlieu a luggage train ap- 

 proaches their several stations, and before she comes uj). to go on the line 

 and inspect both sides of the train, to ascertain whether any of the loading 

 (particularly bags of cotton or wool) have slipped so as to overhang the 

 waggon more than when tirst loaded ; and if such be the case, to make im- 

 mediate signal for the train to stop, in order that the loading may be put 

 right and fastened on again before the train proceeds. 



N.ll.^AU enginemen, firemen, guards, policemen, gatemen and others to 

 whom the foregoing rules may ajiply. are held responsible for their strict 

 execution and observance; and they shall report to the directors, or to their 

 immediate superintendent, any senant of the Company who shall refuse or 

 neglect to comply with the regidations hereby ordered to be observed. 



CODE OF SIGNALS RBCOMMEXDED TO BE OBSERVED OX ALL RAILWAYS. 



By Xight. — The ?/7»7e light, stationary, indicates that all is right, but if 

 waved nj) and doini, is a signal to stop ; if waved to and fro. sideways, to 

 proceed cautiously. 



The red light, stationary, is a signal always to stop ; if on a moving train, 

 it is a caution to all following trains to keep the required distance. 



/?(/ Day. — The red flag, or ball disc, is the signal always to stop. 



Tlie blue flag, or ball, is to stop second class coach trains or luggage trams, 

 for the purposes of traffic. 



The blaci flag is used by plate-layers, to indicate that the road is under- 

 going repair, and that trains must pass slowly. 



It is to be understood, that any flag, or hat, or lamp, of whatever colour, 

 waved up or down, is a signal to sloji. 



Regulations ax to Signals.- -\. Every train on the railway shall show a red 

 bull's eye, or reflector lamp, on the last caniage or wagon; and the guards 

 of the coach trains, the breaksman of the luggage trains, and the enginemau 

 of an empty engine, or, with a wagon train without a breaksman, shall see to 

 and be held responsible for. the execution of this order; and if a coach, or 

 truck, or horse-box, or wagon, be attached to or detached from a train on any 

 part of the road, the guard, or breaksman, or engineman shall immediately 

 change and replace the red bull's eye, or reflector lamp, so that the same 

 may still be in the i-ear of the last carriage or wagon in the train, showing 

 backward. 



2. — Every engine tender must carry a lamp, so fixed as to admit of being 

 turned round, exhibiting a v/iite Ught forward, and a red light backward, in 

 whichever direction the engine may he moving. 



3. — Every gateman or policeman shall light his gate or station lamp at 

 dusk, and siiall have his hand lamp constantly trimmed and burning, and 

 ready to give such signals .is may be required. 



4. If a coming engine or train be required to stop to take up passengers, 

 a liliie light must be shown in the gate-lamp ; otherwise the common jrhife 

 light. 



5. — If a train approaches when a previous train has passed through, only 

 a few minutes before, the gateman shall signify this circumstance to the en- 

 gineman by the waving of his hand-lamp to and fro, sideways, which means 

 that caution is required ; on which signal all enginemen are required to go 

 slowly and keep a good look-out. 



G.J-Rut if a gateman, owing to some accident, or any extraordinary cause, 

 wish to stop an engine which is approaching, he must show his red light, and 

 must also wave his hand-lamp up and doum, up to the height of bis head,, 

 and then down to the ground, till the engine conies up ; and all enginemen 

 are required to stop at either of these signals being given; and a gateman 

 must make this signal to an approaching engine, if a previous engine has 

 passed through this gate only one or two minutes before. 



