124 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT'S JOURNAL. 



[April, 



of the deceased cIerg)Tnan. For example, one of the figures represents St. 

 Peter as Prince of the Apostles ; another St. Patrick, ttie patron of Ireland ; 

 another St. Kochc, a figure emblematical of our short pilgrimage in this 

 world ; while the patron saint of the chapel in which it stands, and in wliicli 

 the deceased officiated for 20 years, occupies the centre compartment, ex- 

 hibiting a drapery containing the inscription. 



The exquisite beauty of this figure is remarkable and is worthy of earnest 

 attention, the spreading pinions, the calm angelic sweetness and dignity of 

 the countenance, and the serpent writhing in agony beneath bis foot crushed 

 to the earth by his delegated power, all unite to form a combination of grace, 

 elegance, and skill in design and execution which cannot fail of raising in 

 the mind of the spectator the highest admiration. The accuracy and ability 

 displayed in the portraiture of the serpent, especially about the head, are 

 wonderful ; in the three niches at the other side are two figures of alcolltes, 

 one bearing wine and the other bread, and in the other the figure of a mitred 

 abbot in his ecclesiastical costume, to continue the allegory as to tlie station 

 and rank of the deceased. Over these objects, the cornices are most elabo- 

 rately sculptured and crowned by a rich border, with the usual finish of the 

 period, a strawberry leaf and ball, with the Tudor flower interspersed. The 

 monument, which is all of the purest white Italian marble, is projected on 

 a magnificent black slab, 13 feet by 1, from the Ballysinion quarry, in the 

 neighbourhood of this city, and its erection has been, this day, completed by 

 Mr. Garvcy, of Catherine Street, under the direction of the artist, Mr. Bard- 

 well, who has been most particular in seeing to its security and completion. 

 — Limerick Chronicle. 



NEW INXTINTIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS. 



IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES AND PADDLE SHAFTS. 



Henry Trewhitt, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Esq., for improvements ia aj)- 

 plying the power of steam-engines to paddle-shafts used in propelling vessels. 

 Enrolment-office, Fcbniary 7, 1841. 



These improvements consist in a new method of applying the crank-pin of 

 paddle-shafts, so that one or both of the paddles may be disconnected or 

 connected with the engine with great facility. For this purpose there is on 

 each of the paddle-shafts a narrow cylinder, with a groove on its periphery, 

 to receive a strap which is attached to the crank-pin that drives the paddle- 

 shaft. The other end of the crank-pin is keyed iuto the crank of the middle 

 shaft. In order to connect the paddle-wheel with the engine, the strap is 

 made to bind tightly upon the narrow cylinder, and is disconnected by being 

 loosened, in the following manner. A cross-head passes through slits in the 

 end of the strap, and is fastened to a cushion resting on the narrow cylinder, 

 and curved on its under surface so as exactly to fit. When the paddle-shaft 

 is to be connected to the engine, the cushion is made to press upon the nar- 

 row cylinder by a wedge-shaped bar, which enters between the back of the 

 cushion and the cross-head ; this causes the strap to bind tightly upon the 

 cylinder, and forms the connection required. On withdrawing the wedge- 

 shaped bar, the strap becomes loosened and the paddle-shaft is disconnected 

 from the engine. The claim is to the mode described of applying the crank- 

 pins to paddle-shafts. — Mechanics' Magaziue. 



IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY WHEELS, RAILS, AND CHAIRS. 



Andrew Smith, of Princes-street, Leicester-square, and of Mill-wall, Pop- 

 lar, Engineer, for certain improvements in carriage wheels, rails, and chairs, 

 for railways. Enrolment-office, February 7, 1841. 



The improvement in wheels consists in the application of a wrought iron 

 tire, having a right-angled groove turned out in the middle, corresponding to 

 the rail which constitutes the second part of these improvements. The depth 

 of this groove is to be proportionate to the size of the rail, and forms a flange 

 within the surface of the tire, tending to keep the wheel iu its place upon the 

 rail. The rails are square bars of iron, the sides of the squares being about 

 one-third wider than the depth of the sides of the groove in the tire of the 

 wheels, for the purpose of preventing the wheels from coming in contact with 

 the chairs and sleepers. These rails are laid in grooves cut in wooden sleepers, 

 and present one of the angles of the sqiiare upwards, coiTesponding with the 

 angular groove in the tire of the wheel. The chairs are made of wrought or 

 cast iron ; they clip the sides of the rails in a dove-tail form ; and are let into 

 and bolted down to the wooden sleepers. The rails are each 12 feet long, by 

 2\ inches square, and the chairs are placed in the middle and at the junctions 

 of each rail. The claim is, 1. The right-angled gi'ooves in the tires of the 

 wheels of railway carriages, instead of an external flange. — 2. The adaptation 

 of common square bar iron, or of iron made in a square form, let into a 

 wooden sleeper. — 3. The chair, for connecting, and fixing, and fastening the 

 rails. — Ibid. 



IMPROVEMENTS IN LIME AND CEMENT. 



Charles Smith of Exeter, Devon, builder, for improvements in the manu- 

 facture of lime and cement, or composition. Enrolment-oflice, Febraary 27. 



Claim first. — The mode of calcining lime or cement, or composition, by 

 means of kilns, so formed, that the charge in the upper part shall be calcining, 

 whilst the lower part of the charge is cooling ; and in cooling, the heat there- 

 from passes to the upper part of the kiln. 



The heat from coke ovens, furnaces, &c., is admitted iuto the kiln by flues 

 which enter the kiln half its height from the ground, and the heat rising up- 

 wards calcines the upper part of the charge ; whilst the lower part of the 

 charge which has been calcined, is cooling, the heat arising from it assists iu 

 the calcination of the upper part. The lower part of the charge as it cools 

 is raked out at the bottom of the kiln, and the upper part descending, fresh 

 lime is added at the top of the kiln. 



Claim second. — The mode of calcining lime and cements in retort5 or ovens 

 when in connection with a closed chamber, where the matters can be cooled 

 before being brought into the atmosphere, and also the carrying off the gases 

 or vapours, so as to a])ply them to a variety of useful purposes. The lime 

 and cements are calcined in ovens which communicate with a closed chamber, 

 in which the lime and cements, after being calcined, are cooled before they 

 are brought into the atmosphere. The gases or vapours are carried oflf from 

 the ovens by pipes prorided with stop-cocks, into suitable vessels provided 

 for receiving them. 



Claim third. — The ai>plication of the heat of lime-kilns to the purposes of 

 evaporating fluids in suitable boilers or pans, as herein described. The heat 

 arising from the kiln is a])plied by means of flues to the heating of boilers or 

 pans for evaporating fluids. 



Claim fourth. — The mode of slacking lime in chambers with carbonic acid 

 as herein described. The lime is slacked in a chamber, iuto which the car- 

 bonic acid arising from the kiln is admitted by means of valves communicat- 

 ing with the flue. 



I Claim fifth.- -The mode of manufacturing lime by re-calcining it after dry 

 slacking. The lime after being slacked as above described, is placed in the 

 oven and again calcined. 



Claim sixth. — The mode of manufacturing lime by partially calcining lime- 

 stone in a kiln in order to convert it into sub-carbonate, and after cooHng 

 and grinding again to calcine it, whether separate, or combined with other 

 matters, for making cement. This claim fully describes itself. 



Claim seventh. — The mode of making cement by saturating sulphate of 

 lime with ammoniated liquid, or other matters, as herein described. The 

 patentee grinds sulphate of lime, or gypsum, into a powder, and covers the 

 floor of the oven three inches thick with it. The oven is then closed, and 

 the charge remains for four hours. It is then placed in a cistern and covered 

 with purified liquor prepared from the ammoniated fluid formed in the manu- 

 facture of coal gas, commonly called gas water. When completely saturated 

 it is spread over the floor of the oven and dried. It is then taken out, and a 

 fifth part of slacked lime is added to it, after which it is ground and placed 

 in the oven for the same time as before. It is then fit for use. 



Claim eighth. — Tlie combining lime and cements with ground calcareous 

 matter, or stones, in substitution, or in aid of, silex, or other matter. The 

 lime is mixed with ground calcareous matter, and burnt in the oven, after 

 which it is fit for use. 



Claim ninth. — The mode of preparing lime for use by applying soap, with 

 or without glutinous matter, and also the method of using hot tools for 

 finishing and polishing cemented surfaces. Two parts of ground marble are 

 mixed with one part of fine slacked or ground lime, with the least quantity 

 of water possible. This is done two or three days previous to using the same, 

 but it is tempered once or twice a day with a beater or other tool. The pa- 

 tentee next takes one pound of soap, and dissolves it over a slow fire iu about 

 six quarts of water, occasionally adding two ounces of glue or other glutinous 

 matter to the same, by which means the cement is rendered more tenacious. 

 He takes the composition prepared as above, and adds to it the colour, to 

 form the tint required for the ground colour, and brings it to the consistence 

 for use by pouring into it the soapy solution, mixing it well, and applying it 

 in the manner that stucco is at ]>resent done. When it is done a highly bur- 

 nished hot metal tool is passed over the surface, which will unite the whole, 

 and form a good polish. 



Claim tenth. — The mode of preparing cement from lime, by means of oil 

 and water, with or without other materials, as herein described. To any 

 number of gallons of clean water add as much fresh burnt lime as will when 

 slacked bring it to a semi-fluid consistency. When it is half slacked add as 

 many quarts of oil as there are gallons of water, and stir this well together 

 until the whole is properly mixed. Then strain it through a fine sieve, and 

 when cool it is fit for use. It is applied in the same manner as when plaster- 

 ing with stucco. 



Claim eleventh. — The combining aluminous earths and ground clinkers, or 

 slag, or scoria, from the smelting furnaces ; and the forming and burning of 

 tiles thereof. Also the forming of tiles or burnt rough surfaces to be used 

 in substitution of laths, to receive cemented surfaces as herein described. The 

 tiles are made of three parts good aluminous earthy matter, mixed with one 

 part of ground clinkers &c., from the smelting furnaces, and when properly 

 tempered they are made, dried, and burnt iu the same manner as roofing 

 tiles. They are luade rough on one side so that the composition applied may 

 adhere freely in the same manner as the pricking up coat, thus serving the 

 double purposes of laths and the pricking up coat. 



Claim twelfth. — The mode of treating articles made of lime or cement, and 

 calcareous stone or earth, by placing them in chambers with carbonic acid. 

 The articles previously wetted with lime water are placed in the chamber 



