1841.1 



.^ ^i.vTii^iiliK AND ARCHITECTS JOURNAL. 



279 



9s. dd. To William de Burdon, the king's painter, was paid 13/. 7s. 

 for a great tablet for the altar. In each of the years 13()7 and 13G8, 

 the expenditure was about 2000/. To William de Burdon was paid 

 20/. more for his picture for the chapel, 10/. was paid for buying mar- 

 ble, 60/. for German copper for bells, and the very large sum cf 200/. 

 for a great alabaster table for the high altar of St. George's. This 

 according to the largest estimate would be 6000/. of the present money. 

 After 13G9 no more workmen were impressed, and in a few years the 

 expenditure was gradually diminished ; the last payment being in 

 1374. In this reign from a payment of 50/. for a new bell for it, a 

 clock seems to have been placed in the bell-tower, as has been the 

 practice down to the present day. Of the early works of Edward III. 

 a portion is the Dean's cloister, of other works the outlines are scarcely 

 to be traced, although he added to the castle the upper ward. Here 

 however is yet to be seen the principal gate adjoining the keep. In 

 the interior of the castle the work of Edward III. is still visible in the 

 vaulted basement of the Devil Tower. The arches of this vaulting 

 are four centered, and present an early specimen of the systematic use 

 of that form. By Edward III. most of the buildings of Henry I. were 

 pulled down, and the Keep is supposed to have been rebuilt. 



Under Richard II. in 1390, the appointment of Clerk of the Works 

 was for a short time held by Geffrey Chaucer, the Father of Modern 

 English Poetry, his salary being 2s. a day, with the power of appoint- 

 ing a deputy. Under Henry VI. the revenues of Windsor amounted 

 to 207/. 178. 5id., a sum far from sufficient to meet the expenses; the 

 manors of Cookham, Eray, Binfield and Sunninghill were farther charged 

 w ith 100 marks per annum for the repairs. 



By Edward IV. the existing Collegiate Chapel of St. George was 

 built, the direction of the works being confided to Richard Beauchamp, 

 Bishop of Salisbury, a most distinguished prelate and architect. In 



1450 the expenditure was U08/. 16s. 'Hd. The principal part of the 

 stone came from Tainton in Oxfordshire, where Henry Jennings the 

 master mason purchased 9755 feet at 2d. per foot ; the carriage by 

 land through Burford andCulhara to Henley cost 151/. 12s., and it was 

 thence conveyed by water to Windsor bridge. Some portion of Caen 

 stone was also used, and Heath stone from Cranbourne Chase, The 

 timber came principally from Upton, Ashridge, Farnham, Wyke and 

 Sunninghill, and the carriage of these materials and of sand and lime 

 amounted to 29/. lOs. 33^. The cost of scaffolding and other plant, 

 tools, smith's bellows, tiles and tilepins for workmen's sheds, withes 

 to tie scaffolding, straw, candles, seacoal, charcoal, steel, iron for the 

 windows, iron bolts for the carts, sheet iron, tin, tin pans, nails, Sec. 

 amounted to 141/. Ss. Id., and the workmen's wages to 555/. 6s. lid. 

 For these works masons were impressed, and the best workmen were 

 so monopolized by the king for St. George's, that other works were 

 sadly impeded, as was the case with the Divinity School at Oxford. 

 Carving seems now to have become a secular employment, and a large 

 sum was appropriated for this class of work, being in this year 

 75/. 4s. Gd. With the Chapel the Chapter House was also rebuilt. In 



1451 stone was obtained from Caen, Tainton, Sherborne, Ryegate, 

 Milton and Little Daryngton, and the expenditure for the year 1249/. 

 ISs. 5d., being for stone 137/. 5s., for carriage 349/. 18s. Ujrf., for other 

 materials and stores 144/. lis. llirf., and for wages 457/. 10s. G^d., 

 including 62/. 12s. 6rf. for carving. The next year the expenditure 

 vas 1145/. 7s. 2Jrf., of which for carving 100/. 10s. Ad.; and in 1483 

 960/. 12s. lOrf., of which 186/. 10s. id. for carving. Thus in four 

 years out of a total expenditure of 4674/. 15s. 3(/., 425/. 7s. Sd. was 

 paid for wood carving. In 1483 Edward IV. was buried here, behind 

 a curious screen of iron work, an elaborate piece of workmanship, 

 generally thought to be of foreign manufacture, but by the editor as- 

 signed to John Tresilian, the master smith. Ainong the benefactions 

 of Bishop Beauchamp to the Chapel, was the following exertion of the 

 influence in its favour. John Shorne or Schorne was a pious rector of 

 Northmarston in Bucks, about the year 1290, and held in great venera- 

 tion for the virtues which his benediction had imparted to a holy well 

 in his parish, and for his miracles, one of which, the feat of conjuring 

 the devil into a boot, was considered so remarkable, that it was repre- 

 sented in the east window of his church. Bishop Beauchamp obtained 

 a license from the Pope to remove the shrine of John Shorne from 

 Northmarston wherever he pleased, and he accordingly removed it to 

 the Lincoln Chapel at Windsor. At the Reformation, the College of 

 St. George's lost 500/. per annum from the offerings at this shrine. In 

 1481 Bishop Beauchamp was succeeded by Sir Reginald Bray. 

 Richard III., the last of the Plantagenets, during the first year of his 

 reign appropriated 733/. 10s. 9Jc?. for the building of the College and 

 Chapel. In 1484 the body of Henry VI. was removed from Chertsey 

 and buried in the Chapel. 



Henry VII. left his personal property and the profits of his lands for 

 the completion of the new works in the body of the Chapel. During 

 his reign the works were directed by Sir Reginald Bray, who built the 



Bray Chapel, now the South Transept. In 150S the roof of the Choir 

 was constructed in stone, the expense being supplied by a subscription 

 of the Knights of the Ciarter. The main vaulting is by the editor cited 

 as without exception the most beautiful specimen of the Gothic stone 

 roof in existence. Henry VII. took down the original chapel of Henry 

 III., for the purpose of building a royal mausoleum in its room, but the 

 work was not completed. The shell of the building is sujiposed to be 

 of his reign. In 1500 the Deanery was rebuilt by Doctor Christopher 

 Urswick ; the bouses of the Minor Canons are also attributed to this 

 reign. A lofty oriel in the upper ward and the inclosure of the stairs 

 to the Keep may be assigned to the same date. By a typographical 

 error in the work before us, the death of Henry VII. is assigned to 

 1503 instead of 1509. The principal work of Henry VIII. was the 

 great gateway of the lower ward of the Castle. In 1528 the exquisite 

 fan groining of the roof at the interstices of the Cross of the Chapel 

 was executed by subscription of the Order of the Grarter. Wolsey 

 began a stately tomb at Windsor in the chapel erected by Henry VII. 

 hence named Wolsev's Tomb House. On this work he employed 

 Benedetto, a Florentine artist, who began it in 1524, and to hinri 

 were paid 4250 ducats, and 380/. 13s. for gilding. These works 

 were destroyed by some of the Parliamentary troops in 1IJ46 for the 

 sake of the metal, except a sarcophagus of black marble of Italian de- 

 sign, which in 1805 was placed over the tomb of Nelson in the crypt 

 of St. Paul's. In 1519 James Denton, one of the canons, founded the 

 building called the New Commons, now incorporated with the Pre- 

 bendal Houses, but of which a doorway is preserved, richly ornamented. 

 Under Edward VI. in 1537, the fan vaultings of the side aisles to the 

 choir were executed, and works begun for bringing a supply of water 

 to the Castle from Blackmore Park near Winkfield, a distance of five 

 miles. To supply the pipes, Wallingford Castle and other ancient 

 buildings were stripped of their lead, 370 cwt. from Maidstone. Under 

 Queen Mary in 1555 the pipe was brought up into the middle of the 

 Upper Court of the Castle, "and there the water plenteously did rise 

 13 foot high." In this place was formed a reservoir from which every 

 part of the Castle was supplied. In this reign the houses of the mili- 

 tary knights were completed, having been begun in the third year of 

 Philip and Mary, and finished in three years at an expense of 2747/. 

 7s. Gd. The .Square Tower and some portion of the structure to the 

 east were previously standing, and the additions and alterations were 

 made with materials taken from other buildings. The stone was 

 brought from Reading Abbey, and eighteen fothers of lead, and "twenty 

 old apparails for chimneys," from Suffolk Place in Southwark. To 

 Elizabeth Windsor Castle is indebted for its terrace, although some 

 parts of it appear to have been in existence previously, every ten feet 

 of the terrace wall, twenty feet in height, and six feet at the base 

 gradually sloping to six feet at the top, costing 125/. 16s. 8d. In 1570 

 1900/. was expended on a thorough repair of the Chapel, supposed to 

 be the private Chapel adjoining St. George's Hall. A general repair 

 of the Castle was made by this Queen, which in the six years ending 

 1575 had amounted to 6600/. In 1576 Queen Elizabeth's Gallery was 

 built, it now forms a portion of the Library. In the seven years end- 

 ing 1 577 the works had cost 7800/. In the report on the works ia 

 1580, a clause, relating to the apartments of the Maids of Honour, re- 

 cites that these ladies " desire to have their chamber ceiled, and the 

 partition, that is of boards there, to be made higher, for that the servants 

 look over." In this reign for the first time we have a connected de- 

 scription of the Castle by Paul Hentzner, a German traveller who 

 visited England in 1598. He says that in the Castle he was shown 

 among other things the horn of a unicorn, eight spans and a half in 

 length, and valued at 10,000/. 



Under James I. was executed the survey of the Parks and Forest by 

 John Norden, which contains the first view of the Castle. By an entry 

 in the Issue Roll for 1607, it appears that this survey was presented 

 to the King by its author, who was rewarded with a gift of two hundred 

 pounds. Nothing it is said was done at Windsor under Charles I. un- 

 til 1635, when several alterations were made. It was the intention of 

 Charles I. to convert tlie Tomb-house into a place of sepulture for his 

 family, but this plan was not carried out. On the deposition of Charles 

 I., Captain Fogg, an officer of the Parliament, and subsequently, Colonel 

 Venn, under orders from the Commonwealth, carried off the plate and 

 decorations of the Chapel and ruined the painted windows. In the 

 reign of Oliver Cromwell many repairs were made, and the revenues 

 of the Castle greatly improve'd. This prince also attached to the 

 Chapel the foundation of the Military Knights, for whom Sir Francis 

 Crane's building was erected. Under Charles II. a complete alteration 

 of the Castle was made by Sir John Denham and Sir Christopher Wrer^ 

 and the best artists were employed upon the paintings and carvings of 

 the interior, in w hich a profusion of the exquisite works of Grinling 

 Gibbon still exist. XJharles's principal addition to the Castle was the 

 Star Building, now called the Stuart Building, about one hundred and 



