280 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECTS jou^w 



'" * ^'CUST. 



seventy feet long. Verrio was employed ou the allegorical paintings, 

 for wliich he was to receive a sum of above seven thousand pounds in 

 five years; in ITOI, however, 20 years after, ISW/. was still due to 

 bim. In 1674 St. George's H;dl was titled up as a theatre, and French 

 plays performed in it. In lti7G tlie North Terrace was enlarged to its 

 present extent. Wren's alterations of the exterior of the Castle were 

 far from improvements, for he le't it willi a most unpicturesque ap- 

 pearance which it retained for above a centurv. In 1G"-U the eques- 

 trian slatue of Charles 11. was erected hy Tobias Rustnt, Yeoman of 

 the Robes. It is the work of Josias Ibach Stnula of Bremen, but the 

 sculptures on the pedestal are attributed to Grinling<Tibbons. In this 

 reign was commenced the Long Walk. James II. fitted up the Tomb 

 House as a Catholic Chapel, which Verrio was employed in decorating. 

 William III. contemplated great improvements, and employed Wren 

 to draw a plan in the Italian style, which is inserted in the work under 

 our consider;ition ; nothing however was done. Under Queen Anne 

 Sir James Thornhill was employed in p;iintiug the Great Staircase, 

 and in the tiri^t eight years lO.OUO/. were laid out in repairs. The ex- 

 traordin.;ry works were principally confined lo the Parks. 



The two first Hanoverian kings merely kept the Castle in repair, 

 George the -Jnd however employed William Kent at an expense of 

 400/. in restoring some of the paintings. George 111. erected the de- 

 tached edifice opposite the South Terrace, called the Queen's Lodge, 

 which was completed in 1782 at an expense of nearly 44,000/., and is 

 said by the editor to have been executed from the plans of His Ma- 

 jesty, " whose taste for practical architecture is well known." It was 

 letnoved iu lb"i3 by George IV. In 17S7 Mr. Emlyn was employed 

 to restore the interior of St. George's Chapel, at the private expense 

 of George III In 1791! the painted glass window in the Chapel was 

 completed by Jarvis and Forest, from the designs of West. In 17'.)(j 

 James Wyatt was appointed Surveyor General, who effected many im- 

 provements. In IS 10 the design of establishing a royal sepulchre was 

 carried into effect, and a vault constructed under the Tomb House. 

 George IV. having decided upon extending the Castle as an imperial 

 residence, obtained a preliminary grant of 300,000/. from parliament, 

 and appointed Mr. JefIVy Wyatt to the snperint ndence of the works, 

 who in 1S2S received from the monarch the honour of knighthood, by 

 the title of Sir Jetfry Wyatville. The cost of the whole of Sir Jelfry's 

 works was 771,000/., and they included the following works, new, re- 

 built, or thoroughly repaired. New St. George's Gate; New Octagon 

 Turret to Devil Tower; York, Lancaster, Chester, Prince of Wales's, 

 Brunswick, George III., and Round Towers ; George IV. Gateway; a 

 great length of walling; a new Turret to the Stuart Buildings; Grand 

 Entrance Tower; Front of St. Cieorge's Hall; Kitchen Gateway ; and 

 two octagon Turrets; Gallery from the Devil Tower to St. George's 

 Hall, 5,50 feet long, new terrace lOGO feet long, some part of the 

 walls of which is 30 feet high, lowering the court-yard from three to 

 six feet, removed 13,000 cubic yards. Internally : — His Majesty's apart- 

 ments with a corridor .500 feet long, kitchen and servants apartments, 

 state apartments, St. George's Hall ; ball-room ; Waterloo Gallery ; grand 

 staircase. In the Waterloo Gallery George IV. placed the series of 

 portraits painted by Sir Thomas Lawrence. In the reconstruction of 

 the Keep Sir Jetfry mannged vsith great skill to sustain the increased 

 weight of this enormous piie on an artificial rock of concrete. During 

 the reign of William IV. and Queen Victoria, the works left unfinished 

 by George IV. were successfully prosecuted by Sir Jetfry, until his 

 death in 1S4(', when the task devolved upon Mr. Henry Ashton, by 

 whom the new stables are being constructed at an expense of 70,000/. 



As Windsor Castle has employed the talents of some of the most 

 celebr.itt'd of our architects and artists, we thought that the following 

 chronological account (jf officers and jjersons employed, drawn up by 

 us from .Mr. Poynter's materials would prove of interest to our readers. 



1173. Master Geoffrv, master of the works. 



117;i. Master Osbert, ditto. 



1223. John le Draper and William, the clerk of Windsor, ditto, 

 (Master Thomas, the king's carpenter). 



122<i. (Master Nidiolas, the king's carpenter, allowance for a gown 

 los., Master Jordan, ditto). 



1228. William de Millars, constable of the castle. 



1237. William de Burgh, director of the works. 



1240-32. (Friar William of Westminter, a painter, and John Sot his 

 assistant). 



1241. (Master Simon, king's carpenter). 



1260. (Master John of Gloster, king's mason). 



1261. Richard de Fremantle, Custos of the manor of Cookham and 

 Bray. 



1350. (John dc .Sjjanlee, master of the stonehewers). 



1351. James de Dorchester, deputy constable of the Castle. 



135G. William de Wykeham, surveyor, (Bishop of Winchester), 

 salary a shilling a day, a shilling extra while travelling, and three 



shillings per week for his clerk. He succeeded Robert de Bernhara 

 and Richard de Rochell who had the same salary. In 1357 Wykeham 

 obtained an increase of a shilling a day. 



13. i3. William de Mulso, canon of Windsor, surveyor. 



136ii. (John, canon of St. Katharine's, king's painter; John or 

 William de Lyndesay, of London, wood carver). 



13o7. Adam de Hertyngdon, canon of Windsor, surveyor or clerk 

 of the works : (William de Burden, king's painter). 



13i)0. Geffrey Chaucer, clerk of the works, salary two shillings a 

 day, with privilege of appointing deputy. 



1391. Unknown. 



Ii74. Richard Beauchamp, Bishop of Salisbury, surveyor of the 

 works. (Henry Jennings, master mason; Thomas Canceler, clerk of 

 the works, salary 10/. ; John Tresilian, master smith. Is. -id. per day. 

 The clerk of the works, master mason and master carpenter had gowns 

 allowed them. Robert Ellis, John Fille.s, Derrick Van Grove and 

 Giles Van Castel, carvers.) 



14S1. Sir Reginald Br.iy, surveyor of the works. 



150.). (John Hylmer and William Vertue, contractors for the stone 

 work of the roof of St. George's Chapel). 



1524. (Benedetto, artist, employed on Wolsey's tomb). 



1575. Humphrey Muhill, clerk of the works; ditto, comptroller, 

 2s. per day ; Henry Hawthorne, clerk of the works, 2s. per day. 



1603. Sir John Norris, comptroller; Sir John Trevor, surveyor of 

 the works. 



1637. Sir Robert Bennet, surveyor of the works; (David Ramsay, 

 Esq., king's clockmaker). 



1639. (Christopher Van Vianen of Nuremburg, makes the plate for 

 the Chapel). 



1660. .Sir John Denham, surveyor-general ; Sir Christopher Wren, 

 deputy. 



16 — . Sir Christopher Wren, surveyor-general; Baptist May, clerk 

 of the works. 



1676. ( Antonio -Verrio, painter ; Grinling Gibbons, carver). 



1679. (Josias Ibach Sirada, casts statue of Charles II). 



1707. (Henry Wise, landscape gardener). 



1710. (Sir James Tliornhill, painter). 



1746. (William Kent, painter). 



177S. George 111. builds Queen's Lodge after his own designs. 



17s7. Mr. Emlyn restores part of St. George's Chapel. 



1795. (Benjamin West, painter; Jarvis and Forest, painters on 

 glass). 



1796. James Wyatt, surveyor-general. 

 1815. (Sir Thomas Lawrence, painter). 



1824. Sir Jetfry Wyatville, surveyor-general; (Sir Richard West- 

 niacott, sculp(or). 



1840. Henry Ashton, architect. 



The description of the plates is far from being so copious as we 

 could wish, being confined principally to an account of the alterations 

 made by Sir Jeffry Wyatville ; but it is but fair that we should mention 

 that Mr. Poyi.ter is not respousible for this portion of the work. It is 

 mentioned in describing the Round Tower, that Sir Jeftry being un- 

 willing to disturb the associations of the spot, has provided holes in 

 the stonework of the Castle for the jackdaws and starlings who build 

 here in numbers, to form their nests in. They are for the most part 

 invisible from below, except between the corbels of the battlements 

 of the Keep. From the level of the road on the west side, to the top 

 of the flags left of the Keep, is a total height of 203 feet, of which the 

 Flag Tower is 25 feet, and the flag staff 50 feet; the diameter of the 

 Keep is 102 feet. 



On the Nature, Properties, and Applications of Steam, and on Steam 

 J\'avigalion. Frum the seventh edition of the Encyclopcedia Britan- 

 nica. By John Scott Russell, M.A., F.R.S.E. Edinburgh: Adam 

 and Charles Black. 



The volume before us comprises, in addition to the articles on the 

 above subjects which are printed in the Encyclopaedia, an historical 

 account of the origin and progress of the art of steam navigation down 

 to the vear 1S39, by the same author; besides the account of the loco- 

 motive' steam-eugine, from the Treatise on Railways by Lieutenant 

 Lecount. 



The present articles, Ste.\m and Steam-Engine, in the Encyclo- 

 pedia Britannica, are intended to contain all that was interesting and 

 valuable iu the original articles (written by Dr. Robison,) with Mr. 

 Watt's notes, enriched by the results of subsequent labour and research; 

 and it has been the author's aim, as he states in the preface to the 

 present volume, " to add to all that Robison had originally said of 



