THE 



CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT'S 



JOURNAL. 



LECTURES ON ARCHITECTURE, 

 Bv Samuel Cleog, Jun., Esq. 



DELIVERED AT THE COLLEGE FOR GENERAL PRACTICAL SCIENCE, PUTNEY, SURREY: 



PRESIDENT, HIS GRACE THE DVKE OF BUCCLEUGH, K.G., ETC. ETC. 



The Lecturer on Architecture proposing to deliver a course of 

 lectures upon its history, monthly, in the Hall of the College, 

 tracing the subject from its earliest or' fin to our own times, we 

 have made arrangements for printing these interesting Lectures in 

 our Journal; and we feel satisfied they will prove instructive, not 

 only to tlie young student, but also to many of those more ad- 

 vanced in their profession. 



M'e have the gratification of adding, tliat free access to these 

 Lectures will be given to Members of the Institute of Architects, 

 of the Institution of Civil Engineers, and to gentlemen being 



articled pupils in either of the professions, on application to the 

 Reverend, the Principal of the College. 



For the fees to the standing collegiate Architectural course, and 

 also for that on Civil Engineering, we %vould refer our readers to 

 the prospectus, — with our recommendation, that they personally 

 make themselves acquainted w ith the system and means of instruc- 

 tion at an institution hitherto too little known, but which deserves 

 public encouragement on account of the combination of theoreti- 

 cal and practical science which may be acquired simultaneously 

 at this College. 



Lecture I. Ixtrodvction. — Egypt. 



{WWi an Eiiyraring, Plate I.) 



History is universally allowed to he one of the most interesting 

 and instructive studies that can occupy the attention of a think- 

 ing being. Not the mere chronicle of reigning nionarchs and 

 party factions; not the record of perpetually recurring war, with 

 its consequent suffering and crime, but the history of the human 

 race in its gradual development; of civilisation in its progressive 

 and retrograde movements; of religion and commerce; of litera- , 

 ture, art, and science: the history of all those things the cultiva- ! 

 tion of which have wrought the change from the ignorant savage, 

 but little superior to the flocks and herds that clothed and gave j 

 him food, to the moral and inteUectual man he was destined to 

 become. i 



What can be more interesting than (standing as we do in the 

 broad daylight of the 19th century) to contemplate the past, — to 

 grope our way through the dark ages, — to pass in review the even- 

 ing glories of Rome, the full blaze of noon in Greece, and the 

 early dawn in Egypt and Assyria? In thus looking backwards, we 

 find no art or science in which the genius of each succeeding age ' 

 and country has so fully developed itself as in Architecture — the 

 art, aliove all others, most useful and ornamental; adding at once , 

 to the safety and accommodation, and the delight and dignity of 

 mankind. Architecture provides citadels for defence, habitations 

 for private life, erects temples for worship, and theatres where we 

 seek amusement; throws bridges over the otherwise impassable 

 torrent, brings the refreshing stream from the distant mountain, 

 raises monuments to our illustrious dead — and, in short, has its part 

 in almost every comfort and luxury of life. Architectural re- 

 No. U8.— Vol. XIII.— January, 1850. 



mains present the only certain records we possess of several 

 ancient nations: nor can we arrive at a better knowledge of a 

 people separated from us by the interval of ages than by an ex- 

 amination of their buildings and monuments. Their temples 

 speak to us of their faith and forms of worship; their palaces and 

 courts of justice of their civil institutions; their triumphal arches 

 and tripods and obelisks of tlieir heroes and benefactors; their 

 dwelling-houses of their domestic life; and their places of public 

 assembly and amusement of the degree of civilisation and refine- 

 ment to which they had attained. Under another point of view, 

 also, the student will find himself well repaid by the study of the 

 History of Architecture — nothing can tend in a greater degree to 

 mature the judgment and refine the taste. Surely, in preparing 

 ourselves for the practice of any art or science, and in order to 

 carry it still farther towards perfection by our own endeavours, we 

 ought to obtain a complete knowledge of those inestimable trea- 

 sures with which the taste and genius of our forefathers has 

 endowed us. But if we would really learn, we must approach 

 this, like every other study, with a mind free from hastily-formed 

 opinions, and' unfettered by prejudice; we must be willing to 

 admit excellence wherever it exists, and to perceive beauty wher- 

 ever it is to be found, as well as to detect the barbarous and mere- 

 tricious. We must recollect, in our examination of different 

 styles, that no original forms were arbitrary or accidental; that 

 wherever the manner of construction is suitable to the material— 

 wherever the style of architecture corresponds with the climate, 

 and is adapted to the sentiments and manners of the nation and of 



