12 



THE CIVIL EiVGINEER AND ARCHITECT'S JOURNAL. 



[J. 



the general desifin for decoration that tliey are our masters, than 

 ill separate articles of furniture. 



'I'here is one ^'reat specimen of paper-staining— a landscape by 

 Zulicr; and tliere is t)ie Ascension, by Delicourt; but otherwise 

 tliere is no (jreat sliow in tliis way. We know, nevertlieless, that 

 the Frencli lieat us, and nothinir can give us a fair chance for 

 jiapor-hantfinfrs l)ut more schools of desitrn and botanic gardens, 

 the removal of the excise on paper, and tlie abolition of the window 

 duties; perlia])s we ouglit to say the establishment of Mr. Coch- 

 ranc's street orderlies, and street cleansing, ^^■anting light, and 

 wit!i horse-dung blown into our rooms and dignified with the name of 

 (lust, there is little inducement to set up those panoramas and 

 other pictures, w hich are as entertaining as they are tasteful. Our 

 manufacturers are starved out by an oppressive and neglectful 

 government. 



Of gold and silver plate there is little; and we are fully pre- 

 pared to meet the French or any other manufacturers. Can- 

 delebra, epergnes, racing-cups, and other presentation plate, being 

 the English fashion, where the French give Sevres porcelain, Au- 

 luisson tapestrv, or gilt vermeil. There are two objects that 

 recpiire a special consideration — swords presented to the Presidents 

 of two Spani>h-.\merican republics. This, and a plan of the city 

 of Mejico (.Mexico), by Bauerkeller, put us in mind what a 

 revenue the French manufacturers derive from Spanish-America. 

 In Mexico, and throughout the Soutli, there are swarms of French 

 shopkeepers and pedlars; and the similarity of language favours 

 n knowledge of Spanish tastes and propensities. This is quite 

 neglected here; and, so far as we are aware, there is no public 

 teacher of the Spanish language and learning in Liverpool, Man- 

 chester, Hirmingham, Sheffield, or Glasgow, and the professors in 

 the two London c(dleges have few sch(dars. A little attention to 

 Sj)anish in our great seats of trade and manufactures, would give 

 us a chance with Hfty millions of Spaniards. 



In jewellery of all kinds there is a very fair show, and we may 

 name Daniel,' Rouvenat, and Froment-Meurice ; but there is 

 nothing to frighten London and Birmingham, although the 

 Parisians are great masters in these arts. There are some good 

 works in gold, silver, steel, mother-of-pearl, tortoiseshell, and 

 other materials. 



Some of the shawls by Deneirouze, Gaussen and Pouzadoux, 

 and Rosset and Normand, are very good, and will w ell repay ex- 

 amination. 



The patterns and designs for silk, cotton, and tapestry are what 

 will be looked at narrowly, for here is a stronghold of the French; 

 and tliey have no unworthy representatives in Couder, Claude, 

 Uraun, Lubiensky, and others, Couder has designs of many 

 classes, in each of which the style most suitable to the material is 

 adopted. Here, as we have before hinted, the study of flowers 

 and of natural history is very apparent, and the necessity for this 

 was fully pointed out twelve years ago by the Committee on 

 Schools of Design. If we are to beat the French, it must be with 

 their own weapons : and in despite of the pig-headedness of our 

 manufacturers, and the self-interested prejudice of academicians, 

 the instruction in our schools of design must be of the highest 

 class, and must be based on the study of nature, from the human 

 figure down to the slightly-organised flower. 



M. Mathiashas specimens of the scientific works he has published, 

 and of collections of technical works for public libraries. The 

 exertions of M. Mathias should instruct us, for if public industrial 

 libraries are necessary in France, so are they here. We may re- 

 mind our readers that they have now an opportunity of purchasing 

 works in those branches of science in which the French are pro- 

 ficient. 



The zinc exhibition of the Vielle Montagne Company gives a 

 very good illustration of the varied uses to which that metal is 

 now being applied; and although zinc is much worked up here, still 

 Flanders is the chief seat of ])roduction and supply, and this col- 

 lection cannot fail to ])rove useful to many of our architects and 

 engineers. The zinc nuuildings and ship-sheathing are not among 

 the least promising apjilications. 



We shall now say a few words upon several subjects for which 

 we have little space at our disposal. The painted glass is good ; 

 but we can ecpial it. There is some good carpeting; but there 

 again we can come in. M. Le Molt has a simple galvanic battery 

 and some philosophical ajuiaratus. The lac4! shown by M. Guyot 

 de Lisle is a worthy ))roduction of French skill. Some of the 

 tipestiies shown by AI. Sallaiidrouze are wonderful — the brilliancy 

 of oil-painting is approached; there wants only a varnish to 

 com])lete the identity. The leather ornaments, by Dulud, are 

 good, and almost equal in effect to the Cannabic composition. 



The children's toys of M. Theroude should not pass unnoticed. 

 The toy business employs a thousand peojile in London, and yet we 

 import largely from the High Dutch. Carved ivory flourishes at 

 Dieppe, and constitutes the staple of that town. The fancy sta- 

 ticmery is very well represented, and is a branch of industry in 

 which we are making progress, though tlie paper duty is heavily 

 against us. M. Gruel has some bookbinding of a highly artistic 

 character. M. Charpentier has some good chandeliers and lamjis. 

 There is an interesting specimen of wood mosaic, a figure of a 

 monk. 



Undoubtedly there is not that wealth in France there is here, 

 neither are there so many wealthy men, but France has many com- 

 pensations. There are better means of instruction, and the public 

 are more tastefully trained: the government acts as grand patron. 

 The church still creates a great demand for painting, carving, 

 stained glass, vestments, tapestries, jewellery, and church furni- 

 ture, even to artificial flowers. The great stay, however, is this, 

 that Paris has created and enjoys a reputation for taste, which com- 

 mands the orders of kings, nobles, and churches throughout the 

 old world and the new. Paris has the market of the world — we, 

 not even that of our own empire, for the French share, too, in 

 this. The fight is for millions, and we have a good chance if we 

 w ill but try — we are making good way ; where we try we succeed, 

 and we must go on. Those who deal with us for cotton and iron 

 will deal w ith us for silks, paper-hangings, and cabinet-work ; the 

 market is as open to us as to the French ; indeed, we have more 

 commercial facilities, but we want instruction, and this is the 

 direction in which exertion must be made. The exhibition of 1851 

 will only be worth anything as a means of public instruction; and 

 therefore is it the more desirable all our rivals should be invited ; 

 but the whole organisation of industrial instruction must be 

 strengthened. Di-awing in the national schools, schools of de- 

 sign, with the live model, free industrial libraries, schools of che- 

 mistry and mechanics, botanic gardens, picture-galleries, art 

 unions, freedom from excises and the tax on God's light ; these are 

 what we want to achieve success. The demand seems large, but 

 the cost is small. 



REGISTER OP NEW PATENTS. 



STONEWARE PIPES. 



Bkn.nett Alfred Burton, of John's-place, Holland-street, 



Southwark, London, for "cer/«i« improvemetitK in the nuiiuifacture 

 nf pipes, tile,i, hricks, /.tairx, aipings, and other like or similar articles, 

 frimi plastic materials; also improvements in machinery to be employed 

 therein."— Gi-AwieA June 7; Enrolled December (i, 1819. 



The object of this invention is to produce pipes and other arti- 

 cles from plastic materials of greater strength and durability, more 

 regular in their structure, and of better finish, than has ever yet 

 been accomplished. The manner in which the inventor effects this 

 object is by compressing the plastic material of which pipes and 

 other articles are composed, by a process of rolling; which is found 

 not only to increase the strength of such articles as may be sub- 

 jected to such process, but also to give them a smoother surface, so 

 that they may be less liable to the accumulation of deposit; and in 

 the case of ))ipes, will be found to offer less resistance to the pas- 

 sage of fluids. 



The machine for making pipes according to this invention con- 

 sists of a vertical framework, su])porting two clay cylinders, so 

 arranged that they can be brought alternately below the screw and 

 piston, for the purpose of forcing the clay through the dies. The 

 object of such an arrangement is to allow of one cylinder being 

 filled during the process of forcing through the die the clay con- 

 tained in the other cylinder. 



To the centre part of the die (see fig. 1) there is attached a 

 mandril a, the lower end of which just comes below the centre 

 line of four ndlers, turned and arr.inged as shown at fig. 2, which 

 represents a plan of the rollers, and their bearings supported by a 

 cast-iron frame i, b. The mode of driving the rollers is by a wheel 

 c, keyed upon the end of the shaft rf, of the fixed roller, and three 

 pairs of bevel-wheels e,e,e. The wheel f, is driven by a pinion, 

 keyed upon the end of the main driving-shaft of the machine, 

 n hich shaft also gives motion, by means of an upright shaft and 

 suitable gearing, to the screw, which forces the clay contained in 

 the cylinder through the die. It will be seen on referring to the 

 plan that the rollers will be drawn in one and the same direction, 

 and with the same surface velocity. 



