14 



THE CIVIL ENGINEER AND ARCHITECTS JOURNAL. 



[jANVABy, 



Fiff 6 is an isometrical view of Diree hollow bricks, and the 

 manner in which thev tit together. Hollow l.ricks or tiles of the 

 form shown in the drawing, are made hy forcing clay through a die 

 of suitable form, and afterwards compressing the clay, by passing 

 it between four rcdlers, two of which are turned of such a form as 

 to produce a rebate on the edges of the bricks; the other two 

 beiiii' en-raved on their jicripheries, so as to jiroduce on the siaes_ 

 of the brick or tile, any suitable device or pattern. I he ends ot 

 the brick are rebated a'fterwards, in a separate machine. 



Fig. 7. 



The specification having described the mode of arranging rollers 

 for comnressiiig hollow bricks, copings, columns, and articles to be i 

 emnloved for building purposes, further states, that by the appli- 

 .ation of cams, eccentrics, or convolute rollers, articles of a variety 

 of forms so far as regards their length and tranverse section, may 

 be produced bv the process of rolling, as hereinbefore described. 



Another part of these improvements relates to the mode ot 

 making bends for pipes; and consists in so constructing the die 

 that a bend of any required curve can be produced, simply by 

 forcino-the clay or other plastic material through the die; whereby 

 the moulds emploved in the process of making bends as heretofore 

 are dispensed with. Bend pipes, after they have been made as 

 described in the specification, are afterwards compressed bypassing 

 them between rollers as described. 



The specification, after describing several machines for cutting 

 socket, or rebate and screw joints upon the ends of earthenware 

 pipes, concludes somewhat as follows :— I would have it understood, 

 that I do not claim as my invention the combination of four rollers, 

 and mode of driving, as represented at fig. 2, the same having 

 already been applied to the manufacture of iron pipes. But that 

 which I do claim as my invention is — 



Firxt the application of rollers turned of such a form, and ar- 

 ranged 'in such a manner, that they may be employed for compress- 

 ing or consolidating the particles of matter composing pipes, tiles, 

 bricks, copings, stairs' treads, pillars, columns, or other articles 

 composed of plastic materials, intended for building, drainage, and 

 other purposes. ,• i.- e 



Secondli/, I claim the general arrangement and combination ot 

 parts com'posing the machines for making and compressing pipes, 

 as hereinbefore described. 



Thirdli/, the mode of making bends for pipes, as described. 

 Laxtiij the general arrangement and combination of parts com- 

 posing 'the machines for forming rebate, or socket and screw- 

 joints. 



Experiments on Stoneware Pipes. 

 KxPEniMKNTS showiiiff the relative strength of Pipes made in the ordinary 

 maimer, and by A. and .VI. Uurton's Patent Machine.—" Umolled" being 

 the commmi pipe, and " Rolled" indicating that the pipe has passed through 

 the Patent Machine. 



SHOT. 

 David S.mith, of New York, United States of America, lead 

 manufacturer, for ''certain new and useful improvements in themeanji 

 ofmanufucturing certain articles in /ead."— Granted .May 29; J;,nrol- 

 red November 29, 1849. 



The improvements relate to the manufacturing of "drop-shot," 

 which are now formed by allowing molten lead to fall from a great 

 hei-lit the metal at the same time being separated by the pouring- 

 nan into particles, according to the size of the shot to be manufac- 

 tured The falling of the lead through the atmosphere causes the 

 particles to assume a globular form; and in order that such may be 

 pronerlv effected, it is necessary that the height ot the tall shall be 

 such, that the falling lead will acquire a certain velocity through 

 the atmosphere; hence the necessity of erectin^' high towers tor 

 the purpose, which entails great outlay in the manufacture ot shot 

 To obviate this, the inventor proposes employing a height ot 

 about 50 feet, and vet at the same time obtaining an effect fq"al to 

 a fall of 1.50 feet, or more if desired; and which is obtained by 

 driving a current of air in a contrary direction, the effect ot which, 

 combined with the velocity of the falling lead, is equivalent to the 

 ordinary heights employed. The annexed engraving is a section 

 of the apparatus, for the 

 purpose of carrying out 

 1 this invention. A, is a 

 vertical metal tube, about 

 ] twenty inches in diame- 

 ' ter, the lower end is en- 

 larged in the form of a 

 truncated cone, and rests 

 on a chamber B, contain- 

 ing water, which forms as 

 it were a base or pedestal 

 for the whole. In the 

 upper part of this vessel 

 B, is an annular compart- 

 ment C, the inner diame- 

 ter of which is equal to 

 the diameter of the tube 

 A, and the outer diameter 

 equal to the large end of 

 the cone. The upper sur- 

 face of this annular cham- 

 ber is thickly perforated 

 with holes, by which air 

 is admitted to the body 

 of the pipe; the air being 

 forced into the annular 

 chamber C, through the 

 pipe rf, from any blowing 

 apparatus calculated to 

 produce a sufficiency of 

 blast to give the required 

 velocity in the tube A. 

 e, is a shoot to guide the 

 shot into the vessel/, and 

 which may be removed 

 through the closed aper- 

 ture g, when filled. The 

 water rising up in the 

 shoot p, receives the fall- 

 ing shot, while the in- 

 closed water case pre- <■ ■ c * 



vents any escape of air from below. The current of air first en- 

 tering the annular space C, becomes thoroughly diffused over the 

 entire area of the pipe, by transmission through the numerous 

 apertures. The upper part of the tube A, is surmounted by a 

 trumpet-mouthed extension, the larger annular space affording 

 ready egress for the air forced in at the bottom, while the centre is 

 occupied by the pouring-pot A, which rests over a concentric cylin- 

 drical channel ;, supported from a si.-.-armed frame secured in the 

 tube at k. The pouring pot, as usual, is perforated at bottom so 

 as to separate and diffuse the lead over the area of the channel f, 

 the pouriiiff pot A, rests in, and is surrounded by a spill chamber / 

 to receive any lead that may run over, and intercept its descent 

 through the tube. „ , _ ^ i. » „ 



The metal thus falling through a space of 50 feet, must have an 

 upward current of air that will render it equal to the velocity 

 attained in tailing 150 feet. By increasing the current of air an 

 equivalent for any height of fall may be obtained. Instead of 



